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7. Phyllanthus L., Sp. Pl. 981. 1753. Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 422. 1754; Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 274. 1866; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3(1): 272. 1880; Hook. f, Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 285. 1887; Stewart, Ann. Cat. Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm. 455. 1972.
A. RADCLIFFE-SMITH
Anisonema Adr. Joss.Cicca L.Emblica Gaertn.Kirganelia Juss.
Monoecious or dioecious herbs, shrubs or trees often with the stems diferentiated into 2 or 3 types (long shoots of unlimited growth and intermediate or short shoots of limited growth), with or without a usually simple indumentum. Leaves also often of 2 types (scale-like cataphylls on the long and short shoots and foliage-leaves usually only on the intermediate shoots). Foliage leaves alternate, often distichous, shortly petiolate, stipulate, simple, entire, penninerved. Cataphyll-stipules larger than those of the foliage leaves. Flowers small, axillary, solitary, geminate or fasciculate. Male flowers: pedicels often capillary; sepals 4-6, biseriate, imbricate, subequal; petals 0; disc-glands 4-6, free, rarely annular or 0; stamens 2-6, filaments free or connate, anthers basifixed, extrorse, oblong, didymous or reniform, the cells parallel or convergent, longitudinally, obliquely or transversely dehiscent; pistillode 0. Female flowers: pedicels more robust than the ♂; sepals ± as in the ♂; disc annular or cupular, entire or lobed, rarely of separate glands; ovary 3-∞-celled, with 2 ovules per cell: styles 3-∞, free or connate, bifid or bibbed, usually recurved. Fruits 3-∞-celled, dehiscent into bivalved cocci, baccate or drupaceous; endocarp usually crustaceous. Seeds trigonous, segmentiform, rarely ovoid, ecarunculate; testa crustaceous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons flat or flexuous.
A large pantropical genus of some 700 species, with 10 species in Pakistan.
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| 1 |
Trees or shrubs |
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(2) |
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Herbs |
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(5) |
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| 2 (1) |
Foliage-leaves not more than 1 cm long; fruits not fleshy, readily dehiscent |
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7 Phyllanthus parvifolius |
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Foliage-leaves 1 cm or more; fruits fleshy, drupaceous or baccate, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Fruit less than 1 cm diam., baccate, 3.pluri-lobate, black |
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8 Phyllanthus reticulatus |
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Fruit more than 1 cm diam., drupaceous, 1-3-lobate, greenish; yellowish or whitish |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaves up to 40 per shoot, lax; leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, up to 9 x 4.5 cm |
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9 Phyllanthus acidus |
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Leaves up to 150 per shoot, dense; leaf blades linear-oblong, 0.5-1.6 cm x 1-3 mm |
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10 Phyllanthus emblica |
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| 5 (1) |
Stems of only one type; cataphylls absent |
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(6) |
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Stems of two or more types; cataphylls present |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaves oblanceolate to obovate; anthers vertical; fruiting pedicels not more than 2 mm long; female sepals suborbicular-obovate; fruit smooth, shiny |
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5 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis |
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Leaves linear-lanceolate; anthers ± horizontal; fruiting pedicels up to 7 mm long; female sepals narrowly elliptic; fruit minutely granulate |
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6 Phyllanthus virgatus |
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| 7 (5) |
Cataphylls borne above their stipules; fruits usually scaly |
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1 Phyllanthus urinaria |
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Cataphylls borne on a level with their stipules; fruits smooth |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Plant completely glabrous; male & female flowers occuring together in some axils; sepals of both sexes 5; female disc 5-lobed, the lobes triangular |
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3 Phyllanthus amarus |
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Plant glabrous, subglabrous, scaberulous or scabrid; male & female flowers usually in separate axils, sometimes together; sepals of both sexes 6 |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic-oblanceolate, up to 5 mm wide, not asperulous, dark green; female disc irregularly deeply 6-10-lobed; seeds ochreous-fulvous |
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2 Phyllanthus fraternus |
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Leaves suborbicular-obovate, up to 1 cm wide, often asperulous beneath, grey-green or glaucous; female disc annular; seeds dark brown |
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4 Phyllanthus rotundifolius |
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Lower Taxa
Related Synonym(s):
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