Richard H. Zander
Trichostomum sect. Leptodontium J. K. A. Müller
Plants often robust, in thick mats or short turf, yellow- to orange-brown distally, yellow- to red-brown proximally. Stems commonly elongate, 1--5 cm; hyalodermis absent [present and usually collapsed when mature], sclerodermis of thick-walled cells present, central strand absent; axillary hairs of 6--16 cells, cells often bulging, all clear or proximal 1--2 brownish. Leaves often widely spreading to squarrose, twisted to contorted when dry, spreading to squarrose-recurved when moist; ovate- to long-lanceolate, occasionally lingulate or oblong, adaxial surface keeled or channeled along costa, mostly 2--5 mm, but often longer; base usually rectangular, sheathing, proximal margins sometimes long-decurrent; distal margins recurved in proximal 1/3--3/4, usually dentate in distal 1/3--1/2, apex acute, occasionally rounded or narrowly obtuse; costa shortly excurrent, percurrent or ending 1--6(--15) cells below apex, adaxial outgrowths absent, adaxial cells elongate, in 3--5 rows; transverse section reniform or occasionally elliptic or semicircular, adaxial epidermis absent, adaxial stereid band present, guide cells 2--4 in 1 layer, hydroid strand absent, abaxial stereid band present, crescent-shaped in section, abaxial epidermis absent or seldom present; proximal cells differentiated medially or across base, often sharply demarcated and hyaline, rectangular, slightly wider than distal cells, 2--5:1, walls of proximal cells thin to evenly or laterally thick-walled, occasionally porose distal medial cells subquadrate, mostly 11--15 µm wide, 1:1, 1-stratose; papillae simple, 2-fid, or multifid, often hollow (cup or c-shaped), occasionally. columnar, cell walls thin or evenly to collenchymatously thickened, often trigonous, often strongly bulging. [Specialized asexual reproduction by gemmae, multicellular, clavate to obovate, borne on short stalks in leaf axils, occasionally on leaf apices or branchlets.] Sexual condition usually dioicous, rarely autoicous or possibly rhizautoicous. Perichaetia terminal, interior leaves strongly convolute-sheathing, long-lanceolate, usually much longer than the cauline leaves, laminal cells long-rhomboid, porose or thin-walled. [Seta to 3 cm. Capsule stegocarpous, theca cylindric, 2.0--3.5 mm, annulus often highly differentiated, of 2--7 rows of yellowish or reddish vesiculose cells, irregularly deciduous; operculum conic to conic-rostrate; peristome teeth 16, linear, occasionally rudimentary, straight. Calyptra cucullate. Spores small.] KOH laminal color reaction usually yellow, often orange to yellowish orange, occasionally with red blotches above.
Species 39 (2 in the flora): essentially tropical in distribution.
Both species are found in moist, high-elevation sites in the Southern Appalachians, while one is also in the Southwest. The major characteristics of the genus are the large annulus, highly differentiated perichaetial leaves, cauline leaves often reflexed or squarrose above a broadened, sheathing base, and the absence of stem central strand and of leaf hydroid strand and adaxial costal epidermis. The stem hyalodermis is absent in the two species of the flora. Sporophytes are absent in the range of the flora.
SELECTED REFERENCES Zander, R. H. 1972. Revision of the genus Leptodontium (Musci) in the New World. Bryologist 75: 213--280. Zander, R. H. 1994. Leptodontium. In: A. J. Sharp, H. A. Crum and P. M. Eckel (eds.), Moss Flora of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 69: 260--267.
OTHER REFERENCES
Janssens, J. A. and R. H. Zander. 1980 [1981]. Leptodontium flexifolium and Pseudocrossidium revolutum as 60,000-year-old subfossils from the Yukon Territory, Canada. Bryologist 83: 486--496.
Zander, R. H. 1980. Spread of Leptodontium viticulosoides (Bryopsida) after Balsam Woolly Aphid infestation of Fraser Fir. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 107: 7--8.
Zander, R. H. 1983. Nomenclatural changes in Hyophila, Leptodontium and Morinia (Pottiaceae). Bryologist 86: 156--157.
Version 1: July, 1999
