417. Mikania Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 1742. 1803.
Climbing hempweed [For Josef Gottfried Mikan, 1743–1814, professor, University of Prague]
Walter C. Holmes
Vines (perennial, sometimes suffrutescent) [non-viney perennials, shrubs], to 300[–1500+] cm. Stems usually twining to scrambling (terete, striate, or [4-] 6-angled, sometimes winged), branched. Leaves cauline; opposite [whorled]; petiolate [sessile]; blades palmately 3[–7]-nerved [pinnately nerved], ± ovate or deltate-ovate to triangular [linear], margins entire or undulate to dentate or toothed to lobed, faces glabrous or puberulent to tomentose, often gland-dotted. Heads discoid, in corymbiform [paniculiform, racemiform, spiciform, thyrsiform] arrays. Involucres ± cylindric, [1–]2–3[–4] mm diam. (usually each subtended by 1 bractlet). Phyllaries persistent, 4 in ± 2 series (outer pair imbricate over inner pair), not notably nerved, lanceolate, linear, or oblong (bases often swollen), ± equal. Receptacles flat (glabrous), epaleate. Florets 4; corollas usually white, sometimes pink to rose or purplish, throats funnelform or campanulate, lobes 5, linear or triangular to deltate; styles: bases slightly, if at all, enlarged, glabrous, branches ± filiform [weakly clavate]. Cypselae ± prismatic, [4–]5[–10]-ribbed, glabrous or puberulent, sometimes gland-dotted; pappi persistent, of [20–]30–60 (white, buff, pinkish, or purplish) barbellulate to barbellate bristles in 1–2 series (distinct or basally connate). x = 16–20.
Species ca. 450 (3 in the flora): overwhelmingly neotropical (9 species in the Old World tropics), some temperate North American and South American.
All species of Mikania in the flora belong to M. sect. Mikania in the sense of W. C. Holmes (1996).
SELECTED REFERENCES
Holmes, W. C. 1981. Mikania (Compositae) of the United States. Sida 9: 147–158. Holmes, W. C. 1993. The Genus Mikania (Compositae: Eupatorieae) in the Greater Antilles. Fort Worth. [Sida Bot. Misc. 9.] Holmes, W. C. 1996. A proposed sectional classification for Mikania (Eupatorieae). In: D. J. N. Hind et al., eds. 1996. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew 1994. 2 vols. Kew. Vol. 1, pp. 621–626. Robinson, B. L. 1934. Mikania scandens and its near relatives. Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 55–71.
