1 |
Lip lobed, fringed, eroded, lacerate, or emarginate. |
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(2) |
+ |
Lip entire, at most abruptly dilated toward base (in some robust Alaskan material of P. dilatata var. albiflora basal dilation of lip is elaborated forward, taking form of lateral lobules). |
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(15) |
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2 (1) |
Lip deeply and subequally 3-lobed (lateral lobes each in area equaling approximately 1/2 middle lobe, often much more). |
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(3) |
+ |
Lip not deeply, subequally 3-lobed, merely auriculate, fringed, eroded, lacerate, or emarginate, or apically shallowly 3-lobed. |
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(8) |
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3 (2) |
Petals linear-oblong to oblong-spatulate, usually entire; lip greenish white. |
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24 Platanthera lacera |
+ |
Petals oblong-obovate to flabellate, lacerate toward apex; lip pure white or pink-magenta to lavender. |
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(4) |
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4 (3) |
Lobes of lip dentate to dentate-lacerate, not fringed; rostellum lobes spreading. |
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19 Platanthera peramoena |
+ |
Lobes of lip fringed; rostellum lobes spreading or parallel. |
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(5) |
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5 (4) |
Flowers pink-magenta to lavender, rarely white; pollinia erect; pollinaria nearly straight; column appearing truncate in lateral view. |
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(6) |
+ |
Flowers white; pollinia directed forward; pollinaria geniculate; column appearing hooded in lateral view. |
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(7) |
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6 (5) |
Rostellum lobes spreading, angular in lateral view. |
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20 Platanthera grandiflora |
+ |
Rostellum lobes parallel, rounded in lateral view. |
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21 Platanthera psycodes |
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7 (5) |
Rostellum lobes spreading, angular in lateral view. |
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22 Platanthera praeclara |
+ |
Rostellum lobes parallel, rounded in lateral view. |
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23 Platanthera leucophaea |
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8 (2) |
Lip basally auriculate, or apically emarginate or shallowly lobed. |
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(9) |
+ |
Lip fringed or eroded. |
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(10) |
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9 (8) |
Lip with basal pair of auricules flanking prominent tubercle on adaxial surface, apex obtuse to emarginate. |
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18 Platanthera flava |
+ |
Lip without basal pair of auricles or tubercle, apex shallowly 3-lobed. |
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31 Platanthera clavellata |
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10 (8) |
Lip not conspicuously fringed, merely eroded to lacerate. |
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(11) |
+ |
Lip conspicuously fringed. |
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(12) |
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11 (10) |
Flowers white; lip 10–15 mm. |
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26 Platanthera integrilabia |
+ |
Flowers yellow to orange; lip less than 6 mm. |
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32 Platanthera integra |
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12 (10) |
Rostellum lobes triangular, apices directed forward (column appearing acute in lateral view). |
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(13) |
+ |
Rostellum lobes slender, directed downward toward apices (column appearing truncate in lateral view), straight to distally retrorse. |
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(14) |
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13 (12) |
Flowers white. |
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25 Platanthera blephariglottis |
+ |
Flowers orange. |
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27 Platanthera ciliaris |
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14 (12) |
Spur 8–17 mm, its mouth nearly circular; rostellum lobes strongly retrorsely curved toward apices; viscidia presented downward and approximately parallel to lip. |
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29 Platanthera chapmanii |
+ |
Spur 4–10 mm, its mouth triangular or keyhole-shaped; rostellum lobes scarcely to strongly curved; viscidia presented forward, nearly perpendicular to approximately parallel to lip. |
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28 Platanthera cristata |
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15 (1) |
Leaves 1–2; scape naked or with 1(–2, very rarely) bracts. |
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(16) |
+ |
Leaves (1–)3–several; scape with gradually reduced bracts distially. |
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(21) |
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16 (15) |
Spur saccate to stoutly cylindric; lip broadly elliptic-suborbiculate to obovate, concave. |
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17 Platanthera chorisiana |
+ |
Spur slender; lip linear to rhombic-lanceolate, ± flat. |
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(17) |
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17 (16) |
Leaf 1, or if 2 alternate and widely spaced on stem, erect-spreading. |
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(18) |
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Leaves 2 in basal pair, wide-spreading, commonly lying on ground. |
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(19) |
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18 (17) |
Lip linear to linear-rhombic-lanceolate (lanceolate in subsp. oligantha); spur tapering from broad base, ± as long as lip; widespread. |
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4 Platanthera obtusata |
+ |
Lip elliptic to elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate; spur cylindric to clavate, ± 2 times as long as lip; w Aleutian Islands. |
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5 Platanthera tipuloides |
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19 (17) |
Scape naked; lip directed forward, lanceolate; spur tapering to apex from broad base. |
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3 Platanthera hookeri |
+ |
Scape with 1 or more bracts; lip pendent, linear to linear-oblong; spur clavate. |
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(20) |
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20 (19) |
Spur less than 28 mm; pollinaria less than 4.6 mm. |
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1 Platanthera orbiculata |
+ |
Spur equal to or greater than 28 mm; pollinaria equal to or greater than 4.6 mm. |
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2 Platanthera macrophylla |
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21 (15) |
Lip uppermost (flowers not resupinate); flowers white. |
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30 Platanthera nivea |
+ |
Lip lowermost (flowers resupinate); flowers white, green, or yellowish. |
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(22) |
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22 (21) |
Viscidia linear to linear-oblong; flowers white; lip usually with suborbiculate to orbiculate basal dilation. |
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6 Platanthera dilatata |
+ |
Viscidia oblong to orbiculate; flowers greenish, yellowish, or white; lip linear to linear-rhombic, elliptic, or lanceolate, base undilated or with obscure to orbiculate basal dilation. |
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(23) |
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23 (22) |
Column comparatively large, occupying ca. 2/3 hood formed by dorsal sepal and petals; rostellum lobes widely spaced, diverging, and together with stigma and connective forming hemispheric chamber; lip linear to linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, base undilated. |
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(24) |
+ |
Column comparatively small, occupying less than 1/2 hood formed by dorsal sepal and petals; rostellum lobes parallel, diverging, or converging, but scarcely elevated, at most separated by narrow slit, not forming hemispheric chamber; lip linear to linear-lanceolate, rhombic-linear, rhombic-lanceolate, or elliptic, base undilated or with obscure to orbiculate basal dilation. |
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(26) |
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24 (23) |
Leaves reduced; blades rigidly erect, loosely sheathing stem, scarcely spreading beyond width of inflorescence, sometimes absent; dry to mesic forest. |
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14 Platanthera brevifolia |
+ |
Leaves well developed; blades prominent, spreading well beyond sheathing bases and width of inflorescence; wet-mesic to wet sites. |
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(25) |
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25 (24) |
Spur 6–14 mm, 0.7–1.6 times length of lip; lip with prominent basal median ridge; leaves ascending or wide-spreading, scattered along stem. |
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13 Platanthera sparsiflora |
+ |
Spur 12–17 mm, 1.3–2.6 times length of lip; lip without prominent median ridge, but often with series of obscure parallel ridges; leaves wide-spreading, usually limited to proximal portion of stem. |
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15 Platanthera zothecina |
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26 (23) |
Anther low, appearing to lie atop stigma; anther sacs widely diverging from apices scarcely separated by obscure connective; flowers autogamous; pollinia rotated forward, commonly free of anther sacs and/or fragmenting into loose masses that trail downward onto stigma; spur clavate, mostly slightly shorter than lip; lip rhombic-lanceolate, yellowish to yellowish green. |
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10 Platanthera aquilonis |
+ |
Anther high, rising above stigma; anther sacs more nearly parallel, converging, or diverging from apices separated by evident connective; flowers not autogamous (except evidently autogamous in P. hyperborea; see also note under P. huronensis); pollinia remaining within anther sacs; spur scrotiform or saccate to slenderly clavate or filiform, much shorter to much longer than lip; lip linear, elliptic, or broadly lanceolate, or with abrupt basal dilation, white to green or yellowish. |
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(27) |
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27 (26) |
Spur 8–25 mm, much longer than lip, filiform; lip usually with small median basal thickening, linear-oblong to linear-elliptic, rarely rhombic-ovate. |
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16 Platanthera limosa |
+ |
Spur 2–12 mm, much shorter to slightly longer than lip, saccate or scrotiform to capitate, clavate, or slenderly cylindric; lip linear-rhombic, linear-lanceolate, or rhombic-lanceolate, or with pronounced orbiculate to suborbiculate basal dilation. |
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(28) |
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28 (27) |
Pollinaria and rostellum lobes parallel to converging toward orbiculate viscidia; spur scrotiform or saccate to spatuloid-capitate or strongly clavate, much shorter than lip. |
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12 Platanthera stricta |
+ |
Pollinaria and rostellum lobes diverging toward oblong or sometimes (in P. purpurascens) orbiculate viscidia; spur slenderly cylindric to strongly clavate, saccate, or scrotiform, slightly longer to much shorter than lip. |
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(29) |
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29 (28) |
Lip oblong or rarely lanceolate, dull yellowish; rostellum lobes usually projecting forward, separated by narrow slit; leaves clustered toward base of stem. |
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13 Platanthera sparsiflora |
+ |
Lip broadest at base, lanceolate, ovate, or linear, or with pronounced basal dilation, white, greenish or yellowish; rostellum lobes low, not projecting forward; column without evident slit; leaves scattered along stem. |
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(30) |
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30 (29) |
Lip pure white, usually with pronounced suborbiculate to orbiculate basal dilation or rarely shallowly 3-lobed; spur clavate to slightly capitate, somewhat to very much shorter than lip. |
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6 Platanthera dilatata |
+ |
Lip greenish or yellowish, mostly lanceolate, ovate, or linear, sometimes obscurely or prominently dilated at base; spur slenderly cylindric to strongly clavate, saccate, or scrotiform, shorter than to slightly longer than lip. |
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(31) |
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31 (30) |
Spur saccate or scrotiform to clavate-inflated (widest at apex), ca. 1/2 length of lip; lip yellowish green to dull yellowish or intensely bluish green, sometimes marked with red, linear-lanceolate to prominently rounded-dilated at base; musty scented. |
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11 Platanthera purpurascens |
+ |
Spur slenderly cylindric to slenderly clavate or clavate, not inflated, merely obtuse to subacute, shorter to slighter longer than lip; lip whitish green to perhaps yellowish green in P. hyperborea; sweet scented. |
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(32) |
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32 (31) |
Lip linear-rhombic, with straight sides, not at all rounded-dilated at base; spur ca. 2/3 to slightly shorter than lip; Aleutian Islands, adjacent Alaska. |
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9 Platanthera convallariifolia |
+ |
Lip lanceolate to ovate, usually obscurely to prominently rounded-dilated at base; spur slightly shorter to slightly longer than lip. |
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(33) |
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33 (32) |
Lip lanceolate, usually obscurely rounded-dilated at base, whitish green; spur slenderly clavate to slenderly cylindric; flowers not autogamous; pollinia retained within anther sacs (but see note); viscidia oblong; widespread. |
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7 Platanthera huronensis |
+ |
Lip ovate, rarely lanceolate, abruptly and broadly dilated at base, apparently yellowish green; spur markedly clavate; flowers autogamous; pollinia rotating forward and downward from anther sacs or fragmenting and pollen masses trailing onto stigma; viscidia linear to linear-oblong; Greenland. |
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8 Platanthera hyperborea |
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