Alcina perfoliata Cavanilles, Icon. 1: 11, plate 15. 1791

Annuals, 20–150+ cm. Leaf blades ± deltate to rhombic-deltate, 40–200+ × 25–150+ mm, lengths 1–2(–3+) times widths, margins ± toothed or entire. Peduncles 1–10+ cm. Outer phyllaries 5, connate 0–¹/6 their lengths, oblong to elliptic, (6–)12–15+ mm. Ray florets 8–13; corollas yellow-orange, laminae oblong-elliptic, 2.5–5+ × 1.6–3+ mm. Disc florets 30–45+. Fruits 4–7+ mm. 2n = 22, 24.

Flowering year round. Disturbed, usually moist sites; 10–50+ m; introduced; Calif.; Mexico; West Indies (Antilles); Central America.

Melampodium perfoliatum may be no longer present in California.