Hypnum affine Hooker in C. S. Kunth, Syn. Pl. 1: 63. 1822; Heterophyllium nemorosum (Koch ex Bridel) Kindberg; Hypnum nemorosum Koch ex Bridel

Stems red-brown, reclining or suberect; pseudoparaphyllia foliose. Stem leaves erect to somewhat falcate, 1.5-3 mm. Branch leaves somewhat smaller, lanceolate, often curved; alar cells less differentiated. Seta reddish. Capsule curved, 1.5-3 mm.

Capsules mature fall. Rotten logs, soil, tree bases in humid forests; low to moderate elevations; Ga., Ky., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Va.; Mexico; Central America; Eurasia; Pacific Islands.

Heterophyllium affine is somewhat polymorphic and has accumulated many synonyms outside its North American and European ranges.