William J. Crins

Carex sect. Digitatae (Fries) H. Christ

Plants cespitose, short to long rhizomatous. Culms red-purple at the base, shorter or longer than leaves. Leaves: basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades V-shaped in cross section when young, glabrous, widest leaf blades 2–4 mm wide, distal leaves bladeless or with blades 1 mm or less, not longer than sheaths. Inflorescences racemose, with 2–6 spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts bladeless or blade usually less than 2 mm, purple tinged, sheathing; lateral spikes pistillate or androgynous, with not more than 25 perigynia, sometimes basal, pedunculate, prophyllate, ovoid; terminal spike staminate or androgynous. Proximal pistillate scales dark brown to black, apex obtuse to subacute, cuspidate or awned. Perigynia erect or ascending, veinless or veined with 2 prominent marginal veins, stipitate, obovoid, rounded-trigonous, 2–3.5 mm, base tapering or cuneate, apex abruptly contracted to beak, pubescent, sometimes glabrescent; beak straight or bent, 0.2–0.5 mm, orifice entire or emarginate. Stigmas 3–4. Achenes trigonous, rarely quadrangular, almost as large as bodies of perigynia; style deciduous.

Species ca. 20 (4 in the flora): circumboreal (circumpolar and north temperate).

Carex sect. Clandestinae has close affinities with sect. Pictae Kükenthal and perhaps with sect. Acrocystis Dumortier. The Eurasian species, C. ericetorum Pollich, which has been placed in sect. Acrocystis by Eurasian authors, actually belongs in sect. Clandestinae, based on its bract morphology and perigynium pubescence. Although most species of sect. Clandestinae, as circumscribed here, form a cohesive morphologic group, C. pedunculata shows a number of similarities to C. baltzellii Chapman of sect. Pictae, including inflorescence morphology, scale morphology, and perigynium pubescence. Developmental and anatomic studies may help to determine whether the sections with pubescent perigynia exhibit homologous or analogous character states.

Lower Taxa

• Carex concinna R. Brown
• Carex concinnoides Mackenzie
• Carex pedunculata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow
• Carex richardsonii R. Brown