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2a. Salix Linnaeus subg. Protitea Kimura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 42: 290. 1928.
Shrubs or trees, 1-30 m, not clonal, or clonal by stem fragmentation. Stems usually erect; branches flexible to highly brittle at base or throughout, glaucous or not. Buds alba-type, scale margins distinct, overlapping. Leaves: stipules on early ones usually rudimentary, sometimes absent or foliaceous, on late leaves foliaceous, rarely rudimentary (deciduous early or autumn); petiole usually deeply grooved adaxially (except S. floridana), not usually glandular distally (sometimes with basilaminar, spherical, or foliaceous glands); largest medial blade usually hypostomatous, sometimes amphistomatous, narrowly oblong, oblong, narrowly ovate, lorate, lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or linear, 2.5-13 times as long as wide, angles of base and apex less than 90o, surface hairs usually white, sometimes also ferruginous; juvenile blade hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. Catkins usually flowering as leaves emerge (sometimes throughout season, axillary, sessile in S. bonplandiana), from lateral buds; staminate from flowering branchlet, slender to stout; pistillate from flowering branchlet, usually loosely flowered, slender to stout; floral bract usually tawny, sometimes greenish, apex entire, erose, 2-fid, or irregularly toothed; pistillate bract deciduous (persistent in S. floridana, sometimes S. bonplandiana) after flowering. Staminate flowers: abaxial nectary present; stamens 3-7[-9]; filaments usually distinct, sometimes connate less than 1/2 their lengths, usually hairy basally, sometimes on proximal 1/2; anthers yellow, usually globose. Pistillate flowers: abaxial nectary absent, (adaxial nectary shorter than stipe); ovary not glaucous, usually glabrous, sometimes villous, beak slightly bulged below or tapering to styles; ovules 4-24 per ovary; styles usually connate, sometimes distinct distally; stigmas usually flat, abaxially non-papillate, tip usually rounded, or stigmas slenderly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes.
Species 33 (7 species in the flora): North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Asia.
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| 1 |
Largest medial blades: abaxial surface not glaucous; pistillate bracts deciduous after flowering |
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(2) |
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Largest medial blades: abaxial surface glaucous; pistillate bracts deciduous or persistent after flowering |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Largest medial blades usually linear, 10-28.6 times as long as wide, adaxial surface dull; stipules on late leaves usually rudimentary; ovaries with distinct, often raised veins |
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Salix humboldtiana [p. 34] |
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Largest medial blades narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, sometimes linear, 4.7-13.2 times as long as wide, adaxial surface slightly glossy; stipules on late leaves usually foliaceous; ovaries without distinct, raised veins |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Branches red-brown to yellow-brown; capsules 3-5 mm; stipules on early leaves rudimentary or foliaceous, on late leaves usually foliaceous, apex usually acuminate or acute, glands few or absent adaxially; ovaries usually glabrous, rarely pilose; anthers with strongly recurved axes; branches highly brittle at base; pistillate adaxial nectaries oblong (swollen). |
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5 Salix nigra |
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Branches yellow-brown to gray-brown; capsules 6-7 mm; stipules on early leaves broad rudiments or foliaceous, on late leaves foliaceous, apex rounded to convex, glands numerous adaxially; ovaries usually glabrous, sometimes villous; anthers with straight axes; branches flexible to ± brittle at base; pistillate adaxial nectaries square (flattened). |
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6 Salix gooddingii |
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| 4 (1) |
Pistillate bracts persistent after flowering |
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(5) |
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Pistillate bracts deciduous after flowering |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Largest medial blades 38-55 mm wide, 2.5-4 times as long as wide, bases rounded to cordate, margins usually spinulose-serrulate, abaxial surface tomentose, adaxial highly glossy; petioles glandular-lobed distally; stipes 3.2-5.6 mm; styles 0.3-0.4 mm; Alabama, Florida, Georgia [2a1. Salix sect. Floridanae]. |
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1 Salix floridana |
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Largest medial blades 7-27 mm wide, 4.5-10.7 times as long as wide, bases cuneate to convex, margins serrulate to crenulate, or entire, abaxial surface glabrous or glabrescent, adaxial dull or slightly glossy; petioles usually not glandular, rarely with spherical glands distally; stipes 0.4-2.4 mm; styles 0.2-0.3 mm; Arizona. |
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2 Salix bonplandiana |
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| 6 (4) |
Branches, branchlets, petioles, and leaves glabrous; largest medial blades sometimes amphistomatous, adaxial surface dull; stigmas 0.24-0.4 mm. |
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7 Salix amygdaloides |
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Branches, branchlets, petioles, and leaves hairy, sometimes glabrate; largest medial blades hypostomatous, adaxial surface slightly to highly glossy; stigmas 0.16-0.28 mm |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Largest medial blades: margins often entire, sometimes crenulate or serrulate; stipules rudimentary or foliaceous; floral bracts toothed; pistillate flowering branchlets 3-14 mm; stipes 1.4-2.8 mm; west of 102d meridian. |
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3 Salix laevigata |
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Largest medial blades: margins serrate or serrulate; stipules of late leaves foliaceous; floral bracts entire or erose; pistillate flowering branchlets 3-35 mm; stipes 1.3-5.3 mm; east of 102d meridian. |
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4 Salix caroliniana |
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Lower Taxa
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