1 |
Plants 0.08-6 m, (relatively low to tall) not dwarf |
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(2) |
+ |
Plants 0.005-0.15 m, dwarf |
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(11) |
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2 (1) |
Ovaries glabrous |
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(3) |
+ |
Ovaries hairy (sometimes glabrescent in S. fuscescens) |
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(6) |
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3 (2) |
Plants forming clones by root shoots; branchlets woolly; largest medial blades amphistomatous [2d2. Salix sect. Setchellianae]. |
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27 Salix setchelliana |
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Plants not clonal or forming clones by layering; branchlets glabrous or velvety; largest medial blades hypostomatous |
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[2d7. Salix sect. Myrtilloides (in part)]. |
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4 |
Branches red-brown, weakly glaucous; petioles 1-3.5 mm; stipes 0-0.4 mm; staminate abaxial nectaries present (Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec). |
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46 Salix chlorolepis |
+ |
Branches yellow-brown or gray-brown, not glaucous; petioles 2-9 mm; stipes 0.4-3.2 mm; staminate abaxial nectaries present or absent |
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(5) |
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5 (4) |
Stipules rudimentary; largest medial blades dull, glaucous or sparsely short-silky adaxially; proximal blade margins entire; staminate abaxial nectaries absent; stipes 2.1-3.2 mm; styles 0.1-0.2 mm; pistillate flowering branchlets 7-25 mm; plants clonal by layering. |
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44 Salix pedicellaris |
+ |
Stipules foliaceous; largest medial blades slightly glossy, not glaucous adaxially; proximal blade margins serrulate; staminate abaxial nectaries present; stipes 0.4-1.2 mm; styles 0.6-0.8 mm; pistillate flowering branchlets 4-7 mm; plants not clonal. |
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47 Salix raupii |
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6 (2) |
Juvenile blades glabrous; branchlets glabrous; largest medial blades glabrous abaxially, margins toothed proximally. |
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33 Salix fuscescens |
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Juvenile blades hairy; branchlets hairy or glabrescent; largest medial blades hairy abaxially, margins entire or toothed throughout |
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(7) |
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7 (6) |
Juvenile and largest medial blades: hairs usually white, sometimes also ferruginous; branchlets pubescent. |
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45 Salix athabascensis |
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Juvenile and largest medial blades: hairs white; branchlets pilose, villous, tomentose, woolly, or long-silky to glabrescent |
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(8) |
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8 (7) |
Largest medial blades: veins strongly impressed-reticulate adaxially, margins strongly revolute; branches dull; petioles with 2 dark spherical glands distally; catkins from subterminal buds. |
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24 Salix vestita |
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Largest medial blades: veins not strongly impressed-reticulate adaxially, margins slightly revolute or flat; branches slightly to highly glossy; petioles without glands distally; catkins from lateral buds |
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(9) |
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9 (8) |
Petioles 1-27 mm, much longer than subtended buds; stipes 0.3-2.8 mm; largest medial blades narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, apex acute, acuminate, convex, or rounded. |
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50 Salix glauca |
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Petioles 1.3-5 mm, often shorter than or barely exceeding subtended buds; stipes 0-0.6 mm; largest medial blades narrowly oblong, oblong, narrowly to broadly elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate or oblanceolate, obovate or ovate, apex acuminate, acute, rounded, or convex |
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(10) |
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10 (9) |
Stipules absent or rudimentary on early leaves; ovules 2-10 per ovary; pistillate catkins stout to globose, densely flowered, 0.3-20 mm; floral bracts usually tawny; largest medial blades with flat margins. |
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48 Salix brachycarpa |
+ |
Stipules foliaceous on early leaves; ovules 8-20 per ovary; pistillate catkins usually slender, sometimes stout or subglobose, moderately densely flowered, 16-69 mm; floral bracts tawny, brown, or black; largest medial blades with slightly revolute margins. |
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49 Salix niphoclada |
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11 (1) |
Catkins from subterminal buds |
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(12) |
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Catkins from lateral buds |
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(16) |
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12 (11) |
Largest medial blades glaucous abaxially; staminate abaxial nectaries present |
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(13) |
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Largest medial blades not glaucous abaxially; staminate abaxial nectaries present or absent |
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(14) |
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13 (12) |
Plants 3-15 cm; stipules often rudimentary; largest medial blades amphistomatous or hemiamphistomatous, oblong to obovate or circular, usually broader, 1-1.5 times as long as wide, margins crenulate or entire; anthers 0.3-0.4 mm; filaments hairy throughout or on proximal 1/2; ovaries obclavate to pyriform; capsules 4.5-5 mm. |
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25 Salix reticulata |
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Plants 1-4 cm; stipules usually absent; largest medial blades hypostomatous, elliptic to broadly elliptic, usually narrower, 1.1-2.8 times as long as wide, margins entire; anthers 0.4-0.6 mm; filaments glabrous or hairy basally; ovaries obturbinate; capsules 3-4 mm. |
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26 Salix nivalis |
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14 (12) |
Largest medial blades: margins crenulate, bases subcordate or cordate; styles 0.2-0.4 mm; pistillate abaxial nectaries present; floral bracts 0.5-1.5 mm. |
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28 Salix herbacea |
+ |
Largest medial blades: margins entire, bases cuneate, rounded, or convex; styles 0.5-1.2 mm; pistillate abaxial nectaries absent; floral bracts 1.5-2.8 mm |
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(15) |
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15 (14) |
Ovaries villous or pilose; leaves deciduous (in autumn); catkins more than 15-flowered; petioles 1.3-10 mm; branches red-brown. |
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30 Salix polaris (in part) |
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Ovaries glabrous or puberulent (hairs in patches, especially on beaks); leaves usually marcescent; catkins 2-15-flowered; petioles 0.4-5.5 mm; branches yellow-green, yellow-brown, or gray-brown. |
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31 Salix rotundifolia |
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16 (11) |
Ovaries glabrous |
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(17) |
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Ovaries hairy |
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(23) |
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17 (16) |
Largest medial blades not glaucous abaxially. |
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29 Salix nummularia |
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Largest medial blades glaucous abaxially |
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(18) |
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18 (17) |
Largest medial blades highly glossy adaxially |
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(19) |
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Largest medial blades slightly glossy adaxially |
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(21) |
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19 (18) |
Stamens usually 1; largest medial blades 4-23 mm; petioles 2-6.5 mm; ovules 4-9 per ovary; ovaries not glaucous; arctic-alpine northeastern North America and Greenland. |
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35 Salix uva-ursi (in part) |
+ |
Stamens 2; largest medial blades 8.5-46 mm; petioles 1.1-20 mm; ovules 10-15 per ovary; ovaries glaucous or not; arctic northwestern North America |
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(20) |
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20 (19) |
Branches trailing or erect, not or weakly glaucous; ovaries: beak gradually tapering to styles; styles 0.6-2 mm; largest medial blades amphistomatous or hemiamphistomatous; plants often rhizomatous. |
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37 Salix stolonifera |
+ |
Branches trailing, not glaucous; ovaries: beak abruptly tapering to styles; styles 0.2-0.8 mm; largest medial blades hypostomatous; plants not rhizomatous. |
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38 Salix ovalifolia (in part) |
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21 (18) |
Leaves and stipules marcescent; juvenile leaves yellow-green; stamens 1; staminate abaxial nectaries absent; largest medial blades: margins serrulate or crenulate. |
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35 Salix uva-ursi (in part) |
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Leaves and stipules deciduous; juvenile leaves reddish; stamens 2; staminate abaxial nectaries present or absent; largest medial blades: margins entire |
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(22) |
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22 (21) |
Staminate catkins 5.5-14 mm; ovaries obnapiform, beak abruptly tapering to styles; Newfoundland. |
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39 Salix jejuna (in part) |
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Staminate catkins 21-53 mm; ovaries obclavate to pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles or slightly bulged distally; Alaska, Northwest Territories. |
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42 Salix sphenophylla (in part) |
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23 (16) |
Juvenile leaves reddish |
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(24) |
+ |
Juvenile leaves yellowish green |
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(26) |
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24 (23) |
Staminate catkins 21-53 mm, flowering branchlets 8-20 mm; ovaries: beak gradually tapering to or slightly bulged below styles; largest medial blades 19-52 mm. |
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42 Salix sphenophylla (in part) |
+ |
Staminate catkins 4.8-15 mm, flowering branchlets 1-7 mm; ovaries: beak abruptly tapering to styles; largest medial blades 8-25 mm |
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(25) |
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25 (24) |
Capsules 5.2-9.6 mm; largest medial blades hypostomatous, highly glossy adaxially; pistillate abaxial nectaries sometimes present; petioles 1.1-7(-16) mm; Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon. |
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38 Salix ovalifolia (in part) |
+ |
Capsules 3-5 mm; largest medial blades amphistomatous or hemiamphisto-matous, slightly glossy adaxially; pistillate abaxial nectaries absent; petioles 1.5-14 mm; Newfoundland. |
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39 Salix jejuna (in part) |
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26 (23) |
Largest medial blades not glaucous abaxially |
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(27) |
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Largest medial blades glaucous abaxially |
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(28) |
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27 (26) |
Largest medial blades deciduous, slightly glossy adaxially; petioles glabrous adaxially; floral bracts 1.5-2.5 mm; pistillate nectaries longer than stipes. |
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30 Salix polaris (in part) |
+ |
Largest medial blades marcescent (becoming skeletonized), highly glossy adaxially; petioles hairy adaxially; floral bracts 1-1.3 mm; pistillate nectaries shorter than or equal to stipes. |
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36 Salix phlebophylla |
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28 (26) |
Ovary hairs ribbonlike, usually crinkled (refractive); staminate abaxial nectaries absent; largest medial blades: margins closely and prominently serrulate or crenulate (sometimes entire in S. arctophila) |
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(29) |
+ |
Ovary hairs flattened, not crinkled (white, not refractive); staminate abaxial nectaries present or absent; largest medial blades: margins entire |
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(30) |
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29 (28) |
Largest medial blades: margins closely and prominently serrulate or spinulose-serrulate (teeth 7-14 per cm); stipes 0.2-0.4 mm; pistillate nectaries equal to or longer than stipes. |
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32 Salix chamissonis |
+ |
Largest medial blades: margins inconspicuously crenulate or entire (teeth 1-8 per cm); stipes 0.8-1.4 mm; pistillate nectaries shorter than stipes. |
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34 Salix arctophila |
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30 (28) |
Largest medial blades 9-26 × 3.8-7.5 mm, petioles 1.5-5 mm; plants forming rhizomatous mats; pistillate catkins 10-23 mm, 15-35(-43)-flowered; stipes 0-0.6 mm; staminate abaxial nectaries present. |
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43 Salix cascadensis |
+ |
Largest medial blades 10-85 × 5.5-60 mm, petioles 2-35 mm; plants not forming rhizomatous mats (often trailing and rooting); pistillate catkins 20-145 mm, 18-80-flowered; stipes 0.2-1.6 mm; staminate abaxial nectaries present or absent |
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(31) |
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31 (30) |
Branchlets usually villous or pilose, sometimes glabrous; floral bracts brown or black; stipules usually foliaceous; stipes 0.2-1.6 mm; styles 0.6-2.2 mm; plants 3-25 cm; arctic and northern cordillera. |
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40 Salix arctica |
+ |
Branchlets usually glabrous, sometimes pilose to glabrescent; floral bracts tawny or light brown; stipules absent or rudimentary; stipes 0.2-0.8 mm; styles 0.4-1.6 mm; plants 2-10 cm; southern cordillera. |
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41 Salix petrophila |