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7. Ainsliaea Candolle, Prodr. 7: 13. 1838.
兔儿风属 tu er feng shu
Authors: Tiangang Gao, Susana Edith Freire & D. J. Nicholas Hind
Diaspananthus Miquel.
Herbs, perennial, rarely subshrubs. Leaves alternate, often in basal rosettes or densely aggregated near median part of stems; blade linear, ovate, elliptic, or orbicular, margin entire, crenate, denticulate, dentate, or lobed. Capitula many in spikes, racemes, or panicles, sometimes nodding, radiate or discoid, homogamous; involucres cylindric; phyllaries often multiseriate, imbricate; receptacle small, glabrous, epaleate. Florets few, (1-)3(-5), bisexual, all fertile, chasmogamous or cleistogamous; chasmogamous corollas open, deeply irregularly 5-lobed, one of slits much longer than others, lobes linear, reflexed and usually coiled; cleistogamous corolla (if present) closed, tubular, shorter than pappus; anther bases long tailed, apex appendages truncate to rounded, sometimes apiculate; styles shallowly divided at apex, style branches short, abaxially with papillae, apices obtuse to acute, rounded, or truncate. Achenes terete or fusiform, ribbed, glabrous or pilose; pappus of plumose bristles or sometimes absent in chasmogamous florets, usually uniseriate, more rarely biseriate. 2n = 24, 26.
About 50 species: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; 40 species (28 endemic) in China; one additional species is incompletely known.
See the revision of Ainsliaea by Freire (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94: 79-191. 2007).
Ainsliaea mollis Diels, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 514. 1922.
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| 1 |
Subshrubs; stems much branched. |
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1 A. pertyoides |
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Perennial herbs; stems not branched |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaves aggregated near or toward median part of stem or above basal part of stem |
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(3) |
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Leaves in basal rosette (rarely specimens with leaves above stem base in A. apteroides) |
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(17) |
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| 3 (2) |
Capitula 1-flowered. |
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2 A. lancangensis |
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Capitula 2-4-flowered |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaves lobed |
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(5) |
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Leaves not lobed |
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(7) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaf blade shallowly pinnately lobed. |
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3 A. grossedentata |
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Leaf blade palmately lobed |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaf blade 5-14 × 5.5-18 cm, shallowly 5-7-lobed. |
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4 A. acerifolia |
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Leaf blade (1-)2.5-3.5 × (1-)2-3 cm, deeply lobed with apical lobe elongated. |
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5 A. apiculata |
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| 7 (4) |
Leaf blade linear to elliptic or lanceolate (0.3-1.3 cm wide) |
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(8) |
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Leaf blade lanceolate or ovate (1-12 cm wide) |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaf blade linear to elliptic, 3-7 mm wide, apex acute, 1-veined. |
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6 A. walkeri |
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Leaf blade lanceolate, 5-13 mm wide, apex acuminate, 3-veined. |
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7 A. trinervis |
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| 9 (7) |
Petiole winged. |
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8 A. foliosa |
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Petiole wingless |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Leaf blade lanceolate, attenuate at base. |
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7 A. trinervis |
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Leaf blade ovate, rounded or cordate at base |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Petiole densely strigose or villous |
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(12) |
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Petiole glabrous |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Capitula usually in spikes; florets 3. |
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9 A. fragrans |
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Capitula in panicles; florets 3 or 4. |
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10 A. asaroides |
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| 13 (11) |
Leaf blade 2-3.5(-7) cm, usually caerulescent, caerulescent-purple, or purplish green abaxially. |
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11 A. gracilis |
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Leaf blade usually more than 4 cm, green abaxially |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Achenes glabrous or pilose above; leaf margin entire to shallowly denticulate. |
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12 A. kawakamii |
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Achenes pilose; leaf margin usually dentate |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Leaves aggregated near median part of stem. |
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13 A. macroclinidioides |
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Leaves above basal part of stem |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Petiole broadly winged, leaf blade margin obscurely denticulate. |
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14 A. smithii |
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Petiole wingless, leaf blade margin dentate. |
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15 A. aptera |
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| 17 (2) |
Leaf blade uniformly narrowed at base. |
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16 A. mairei |
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Leaf blade abruptly narrowed into petiole |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Leaves shortly petiolate (petioles 4-10 mm) |
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(19) |
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Leaves long petiolate (petioles more than 10 mm) |
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(20) |
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| 19 (18) |
Leaf blade lanceolate; achenes glabrous. |
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17 A. caesia |
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Leaf blade obovate to pandurate; achenes pilose. |
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18 A. spicata |
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| 20 (18) |
Petiole wholly winged (more than 1.5 mm wide at upper point) or winged in upper half |
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(21) |
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Petiole wingless (leaf blade cuneate in A. glabra, A. nervosa, and A. yunnanensis) |
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(26) |
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| 21 (20) |
Leaf base cordate. |
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19 A. bonatii |
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Leaf base rounded or attenuate |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Involucre 12-18 mm |
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(23) |
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Involucre less than 10 mm (occasionally equal to 10 mm) |
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(24) |
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| 23 (22) |
Anther appendages truncate; phyllaries and leaves pilose. |
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20 A. macrocephala |
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Anther appendages apiculate; phyllaries and leaves glabrous. |
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21 A. qianiana |
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| 24 (22) |
Leaf margin straight, leaf base rounded, petiole wholly winged. |
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22 A. latifolia |
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Leaf margin wavy, leaf base cuneate and commonly decurrent into petiole, petiole winged in upper half |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Achenes glabrous or apically pilose. |
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23 A. henryi |
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Achenes pilose. |
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24 A. reflexa |
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| 26 (20) |
Leaf margin dentate, blade obtuse to rounded at apex, discolorous, adaxial surface lanuginous and abaxial surface white tomentose. |
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25 A. crassifolia |
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Leaf margin entire to denticulate |
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(27) |
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| 27 (26) |
Leaf base cordate |
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(28) |
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Leaf base rounded or cuneate |
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(35) |
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| 28 (27) |
Capitula 2-flowered. |
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26 A. elegans |
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Capitula 3(or 4)-flowered |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Petiole lanuginous or glabrous |
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(30) |
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Petiole densely strigose |
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(32) |
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| 30 (29) |
Leaf blade 50-80 mm, apex acute to acuminate. |
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27 A. apteroides |
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Leaf blade less than 20 mm, apex acute or obtuse |
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(31) |
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| 31 (30) |
Leaf blade ovate, 7-16 × 5-10 mm; achenes glabrous. |
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28 A. nana |
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Leaf blade deltate, 10-15 × 10-15 mm; achenes pilose. |
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29 A. paucicapitata |
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| 32 (29) |
Anther appendages emarginate; achenes pilose above. |
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9 A. fragrans |
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Anther appendages apiculate; achenes pilose |
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(33) |
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| 33 (32) |
Phyllaries apically pilose. |
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30 A. cavaleriei |
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Phyllaries glabrous |
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(34) |
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| 34 (33) |
Leaf blade ± concolorous. |
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31 A. ramosa |
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Leaf blade abaxially whitish green, veins red. |
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32 A. rubrinervis |
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| 35 (27) |
Petiole densely strigose |
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(36) |
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Petiole lanuginous or glabrous |
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(38) |
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| 36 (35) |
Leaf blade elliptic. |
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33 A. angustata |
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Leaf blade oblong to elliptic |
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(37) |
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| 37 (36) |
Leaf blade 8-12 cm. |
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34 A. pingbianensis |
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Leaf blade 3-7.5 cm. |
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35 A. fulvipes |
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| 38 (35) |
Leaf blade elliptic, slightly fleshy, glabrous to subglabrous |
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(39) |
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Leaf blade ovate |
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(40) |
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| 39 (38) |
Leaf blade broadly elliptic, (2-)3.5-10 mm wide, apex acute-acuminate. |
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36 A. glabra |
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Leaf blade linear-elliptic, 1-2.5 mm wide, apex acute. |
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37 A. nervosa |
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| 40 (38) |
Achenes apically pilose. |
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38 A. parvifolia |
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Achenes pilose |
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(41) |
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| 41 (40) |
Leaf surface hairs T-shaped. |
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39 A. yunnanensis |
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Leaf surface hairs straight. |
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40 A. chapaensis |
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List of lower taxa
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