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13. Cheilanthes Swartz, Syn. Fil. 5, 126. 1806.
碎米蕨属 sui mi jue shu
Authors: Zhang Gangmin & George Yatskievych
Allosorus Bernhardi; Mildella Trevisan.
Plants terrestrial or on rocks. Rhizomes erect and short, less commonly decumbent or creeping, siphonostelic; scales concolorous or bicolorous, brown to chestnut-black, sometimes with a pale border, subulate to lanceolate. Fronds monomorphic, tufted, clustered, or relatively closely spaced along rhizome. Stipe chestnut-colored to black, sometimes lustrous, terete or grooved adaxially, with 1 vascular bundle at base, sparsely to densely scaly and hairy, at least proximally or when young, sometimes glabrescent at maturity. Lamina lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, oblong, or ovate-pentagonal, 1-3-pinnate-pinnatifid, herbaceous or papery to leathery, glabrous or hairy on both surfaces. Ultimate segments sessile to shortly stalked, broadly or narrowly attached, variously shaped. Veins of ultimate segments free (but sometimes obscure), unbranched or forked distally. Sori orbicular, at vein tips, often confluent at maturity. False indusia absent or formed by reflexed margins, interrupted to continuous, sometimes somewhat modified, margins entire, erose, serrulate, or ciliate. Spores globose-tetrahedral, perispore granular, pseudo-reticulate, cristate, or rarely rugulate. x = 28, 29, 30.
More than 100 species: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Oceania, South America; 17 species (seven endemic) in China.
As treated here, the genus Cheilanthes is an unnatural assemblage that includes members of two groups. The genera Cheilosoria Trevisan and Notholaena R. Brown are typified by New World species, and these names have been misapplied to Asian taxa. The Asian species that have been treated under these names are part of a lineage that includes the species of Aleuritopteris, according to several independent studies of molecular phylogeny. These taxa are included in Cheilanthes for convenience, both because the necessary combinations in Aleuritopteris have not been published and because taxonomic relationships within the Aleuritopteris lineage are still poorly understood. Species formerly included in Mildella, which sometimes have been misclassified in Pellaea, also are members of this lineage. On the other hand, C. tenuifolia is part of Cheilanthes s.s., a group of ca. 35 species with centers of diversity in Australia, Africa (South Africa), and South America.
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| 1 |
Lamina margins not or only slightly reflexed, differentiated false indusia absent; lamina densely covered with yellow to brownish long hairs abaxially |
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(2) |
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Lamina margins strongly reflexed and modified forming scarious false indusia; lamina frequently glabrous abaxially |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Rhizomes long creeping; fronds scattered; lamina pinnate-pinnatifid; pinnae subsessile. |
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2 C. chinensis |
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Rhizomes short, erect or decumbent; fronds clustered; lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; pinnae distinctly stalked. |
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3 C. nudiuscula |
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| 3 (1) |
Lamina thickly papery to leathery, coarsely divided, often caudate at apex; false indusia continuous |
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(4) |
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Lamina herbaceous to somewhat papery, finely divided, apex pinnatifid, acuminate; false indusia usually interrupted |
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(10) |
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| 4 (3) |
Stipes straw-colored, sometimes tan proximally |
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(5) |
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Stipes brown to black |
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(7) |
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| 5 (4) |
Fronds subdimorphic; lamina pinnate-pinnatifid, to 15 ?10 cm; segments 2-4 cm. |
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12 C. christii |
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Fronds monomorphic; lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, to 10 ?3 cm; pinnules 1-2 cm |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Stipes longer (usually much longer) than laminae; false indusia broad, nearly reaching midvein, margins sparsely fimbriate. |
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13 C. smithii |
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Stipes ?as long as laminae; false indusia narrow, not approaching midvein, margins entire to somewhat erose. |
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14 C. tibetica |
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| 7 (4) |
Pinnules deltoid, ovate, or oblong, at least those of basal pinnae stalked, apex obtuse; rachis flexuous. |
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11 C. trichophylla |
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Pinnules lanceolate or linear, base adnate to costa, apex acuminate; rachis straight or nearly so |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Stipes and rachises glabrous above scaly base; lamina ovate-pentagonal, ?as long as wide. |
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17 C. bhutanica |
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Stipes and rachises shortly hairy and/or with broader scales; lamina oblong to oblong- deltoid or ovate-deltoid, nearly 2 ?as long as wide |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Stipes sparsely scaly above base, but densely shortly hairy; apices of lamina and pinnae obtuse or shortly caudate, caudate portion less than 1 cm; pinnules (segments) closely spaced. |
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15 C. nitidula |
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Stipes moderately to densely scaly throughout, also shortly hairy; apices of lamina and pinnae long caudate; caudate portion to ca. 2 cm; pinnules (segments) widely spaced. |
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16 C. brausei |
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| 10 (3) |
Lamina ovate-pentagonal or elongate deltoid, 3-pinnate; basal pair of pinnae larger than adjacent pinnae and proximal basiscopic pinnules conspicuously enlarged |
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(11) |
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Lamina lanceolate, pinnate-pinnatifid to 3-pinnate; basal pair of pinnae not larger than adjacent pinnae; proximal basiscopic pinnules not conspicuously enlarged |
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(13) |
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| 11 (10) |
Stipe terete or slightly flattened. |
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10 C. hancockii |
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Stipe noticeably flattened or grooved abaxially |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Scales of rhizome and stipe base brownish, soft; stipe slightly grooved adaxially, without two sharp margins. |
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1 C. tenuifolia |
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Scales of rhizome and stipe base black, stiff; stipe and rachis flattened to shallowly grooved abaxially with two sharp margins. |
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8 C. patula |
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| 13 (10) |
Lamina 3-pinnate; costae sparsely clothed with glandular hairs adaxially. |
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9 C. insignis |
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Lamina pinnate-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate; costae glabrous or with non-glandular hairs and/or scales adaxially |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Pinnae obtuse at apex, sparsely hairy on both surfaces; margins of false indusia fimbriate. |
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4 C. fragilis |
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Pinnae acute or acuminate at apex, glabrous on both surfaces; margins of false indusia entire to slightly irregular or undulate |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Pinnae widely separated, long acuminate at apex; basal pinnae of lamina same size as adjacent pinnae; basal basiscopic pinnules larger than acroscopic ones, proximal basiscopic pinnule largest; false indusia continuous, rarely somewhat interrupted. |
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7 C. belangeri |
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Pinnae closely spaced, acute at apex, basal pinnae of lamina somewhat smaller than adjacent pinnae; basal basiscopic pinnules same size as acroscopic ones; false indusia interrupted |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Winglike ridges along margins of stipe and rachis groove with short hairs and narrow scales. |
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5 C. chusana |
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Winglike ridges along margins of stipe and rachis groove glabrous. |
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6 C. opposita |
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List of lower taxa
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