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42. Cynoglossum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 134. 1753.
琉璃草属 liu li cao shu
Herbs perennial or biennial, rarely annual. Leaves usually basal and stem, entire; basal and lower stem leaves usually long petiolate. Cymes terminal or axillary, crowded or often dichotomously branched spreading panicles, bracteate or ebracteate. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx 5-parted to base, enlarged in fruit; lobes reflexed or spreading. Corolla usually blue, rarely white, dark purplish red, blackish purple or yellow-green, campanulate, tubular or funnelform, 5-parted; tube ± shorter than calyx; throat appendages 5, ± square, trapeziform or lunate, depressed at apex; lobes ovate to orbicular. Stamens included, inserted at middle or above in corolla tube; anthers ovoid or oblong. Style filiform, terete or somewhat tetragonous; stigma capitate, not exserted; ovary 4-parted; ovule anatropous. Gynobase fastigiate to conical. Nutlets 4, ovoid to subglobose, with glochids, attachment scar subapical.
About 75 species: cosmopolitan, primarily in Africa, Asia, and Europe, 12 species in China.
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| 1 |
Plants 8-15 cm tall, cespitose, high alpine plants; basal leaf blades 2-4 cm × 5-10 mm |
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12 Cynoglossum schlagintweitii |
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Plants more than 15 cm tall, rarely cespitose; basal leaf blades larger. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Nutlets ca. 5 mm in diam. or larger. |
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(3) |
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Nutlets 2-5 mm in diam. |
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(7) |
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| 3 (2) |
Inflorescences with linear-lanceolate bracts. |
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(4) |
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Inflorescences ebracteate. |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Fruiting pedicel 2-4 cm; abaxial surface of nutlets flat, without keel; calyx lobes ovate to ovate-lanceolate |
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1 Cynoglossum divaricatum |
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Fruiting pedicel to 1 cm; abaxial surface of nutlets concave, keeled along center line; calyx lobes linear to linear-lanceolate |
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5 Cynoglossum gansuense |
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| 5 (3) |
Basal and lower stem leaves cordate to cordate-orbicular; nutlets to 15 mm in diam. |
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3 Cynoglossum triste |
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Basal and lower stem leaves oblong; nutlets 5-8 mm in diam. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaf blade 7-9 cm wide; corolla greenish yellow; lobes of fruiting calyx 2.5-4 mm |
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4 Cynoglossum viridiflorum |
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Leaf blade 1-5 cm wide; corolla blue-purple; lobes of fruiting calyx ca. 10-15 mm |
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2 Cynoglossum macrocalycinum |
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| 7 (2) |
Nutlets 4-5 mm in diam.; leaves gray-green, densely pubescent; inflorescences numerous, paniculate; limb of corolla 8-10 mm wide |
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7 Cynoglossum amabile |
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Nutlets 2-3.5 mm in diam.; leaves green to grayish green; inflorescences not crowded; limb of corolla 2.5- 7 mm wide. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Inflorescences not branched |
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6 Cynoglossum wallichii |
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Inflorescences branched. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Corolla 1.5-2.5 mm. |
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(10) |
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Corolla 3.5-5 mm. |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Pedicel 1-1.5 mm; plants perennial |
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11 Cynoglossum lanceolatum |
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Pedicel 3-5 mm; plants annual or biennial |
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10 Cynoglossum formosanum |
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| 11 (9) |
Plants long villous |
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9 Cynoglossum alpestre |
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Plants densely strigose |
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8 Cynoglossum furcatum |
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List of lower taxa
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