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4. Lycoris Herbert, Bot. Mag. 47: 5 sub t. 2113. 1819.
石蒜属 shi suan shu
Herbs perennial, bulbiferous. Bulbs subglobose to ovoid; tunic brown to black-brown. Leaves appearing before or after anthesis, ligulate. Flowering stem erect, simple, solid. Umbel terminal, 4--8-flowered; involucres 2, membranous. Perianth white, creamy, gold, pink, or bright red, funnelform; lobes oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margin sometimes undulate; ring of 6 perianthal scales or fimbriae sometimes present at throat of tube. Stamens inserted at throat of perianth tube; filament filiform; anther versatile. Ovary with few ovules. Style slender; stigma capitate, very small. Fruit a capsule, 3-valved, usually 3-angled, loculicidal. Seeds black, subglobose.
About 20 species: China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam; 15 species (ten endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Flowers actinomorphic; perianth lobes apically slightly recurved, margin basally minutely undulate or not undulate. |
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(2) |
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Flowers zygomorphic; perianth lobes recurved, margin undulate. |
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(6) |
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| 2 (1) |
Margin of perianth lobes not undulate. |
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(3) |
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Margin of perianth lobes basally minutely undulate. |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Perianth pale purple but apically blue, tube 1--1.5 cm; leaves ca. 1 cm wide |
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14 Lycoris sprengeri |
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Perianth white or yellow, tube 4--6 cm; leaves 1.5--2 cm wide |
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15 Lycoris longituba |
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| 4 (2) |
Leaves first appearing in autumn and then reappearing in spring; perianth purple |
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11 Lycoris squamigera |
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Leaves appearing in spring; perianth yellow or white. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Perianth yellow, tube 2.5--3.5 cm; leaves ca. 2 cm wide |
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12 Lycoris anhuiensis |
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Perianth white, gradually changing to yellowish pink, tube ca. 1 cm; leaves ca. 1.2 cm wide |
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13 Lycoris incarnata |
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| 6 (1) |
Leaves appearing in autumn; stamens obviously longer than perianth. |
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(7) |
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Leaves appearing in spring; stamens shorter to slightly longer than perianth. |
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(11) |
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| 7 (6) |
Perianth yellow or light rose red. |
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(8) |
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Perianth bright red, white, or ocherous. |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Perianth yellow; leaves ensiform, ca. 60 × 2 cm, apex acuminate |
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4 Lycoris aurea |
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Perianth light rose red; leaves ligulate, ca. 20 × 1 cm, apex rounded |
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5 Lycoris x rosea |
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| 9 (7) |
Perianth bright red; leaves narrowly ligulate, ca. 0.5 cm wide |
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1 Lycoris radiata |
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Perianth white or ocherous; leaves ligulate, 1.2--1.5 cm wide. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Perianth ocherous; leaves green |
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2 Lycoris straminea |
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Perianth white; leaves dark green |
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3 Lycoris x houdyshelii |
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| 11 (6) |
Stamens shorter than perianth; leaf midvein not distinctly pale. |
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(12) |
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Stamens nearly as long as to slightly longer than perianth; leaf midvein distinctly pale (except in L. albiflora). |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Perianth pink in bud, becoming creamy at anthesis, then gradually fading to white, lobes without pink stripes |
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9 Lycoris caldwellii |
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Perianth white with red stripes in bud, fading to white at anthesis, lobes abaxially with scattered, pink stripes |
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10 Lycoris shaanxiensis |
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| 13 (11) |
Perianth pink in bud, becoming creamy as buds develop, then gradually fading to white, lobes adaxially with scattered, pink stripes, abaxially with pink midvein |
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8 Lycoris x albiflora |
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Perianth yellow, lobes with or without stripes or spots. |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Perianth lobes without red stripes; leaves green, ligulate, ca. 3.5 × 2 cm |
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6 Lycoris chinensis |
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Perianth lobes abaxially with red stripes or brushlike spots; leaves dark green, narrowly ligulate, 24--29 × 1--1.2 cm |
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7 Lycoris guangxiensis |
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List of lower taxa
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