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48. Lysionotus D. Don, Edinburgh Philos. J. 7: 85. 1822.
吊石苣苔属 diao shi ju tai shu
Evergreen subshrubs or climbing lianas, epiphytic, less frequently epipetric or terrestrial, not rhizomatous. Stems branched or simple. Leaves usually many, along stem, opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, equal to subequal in a pair; leaf blade glabrous, sometimes puberulent to pilose, base cuneate to subcordate or attenuate. Inflorescences lax, axillary, 1- to many-flowered cymes; bracts 2, opposite. Calyx actinomorphic, 5-sect from base or 5-lobed; segments equal. Corolla purple to reddish, white, or yellow, zygomorphic, inside glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent or sparsely glandular puberulent; tube funnelform to tubular, not swollen, longer than limb, 0.3-1.5 cm in diam.; limb 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2-lobed, shorter than abaxial lip; abaxial lip 3-lobed, lobes equal or central lobe longer, apex rounded. Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near middle, seldom to near base, included; anthers basifixed, coherent, thecae nearly parallel, not confluent, dehiscing longitudinally; connective sometimes appendiculate; staminodes 2 or 3, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube. Disc ringlike to cupular. Ovary linear, 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal, projecting inward, 2-cleft. Stigma 1, terminal, depressed globose, undivided. Capsule straight in relation to pedicel, linear, much surpassing calyx, dehiscing loculicidally to base; valves 2 or 4, straight, not twisted. Seeds with 1 hairlike or subulate appendage at each end.
About 25 species: Bhutan, China, N India, S Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, N Thailand, N Vietnam; 23 species in China.
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| 1 |
Calyx lobed from or above middle, tube 5-18 mm. |
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(2) |
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Calyx divided from base, without a tube, or seldom lobed below middle, tube to 3.5 mm. |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade 0.9-3.1 X 0.3-0.7 cm, leathery or thin leathery, oblanceolate or narrowly oblong; lateral veins obscure; adaxial corolla lip ca. 2 mm; pistil ca. 1.2 cm; capsule to 5.4 cm |
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22 Lysionotus sangzhiensis |
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Leaf blade 4.5-13 X 2.2-6 cm, papery, narrowly elliptic to ovate, or oblong; lateral veins abaxially flat or prominent, obvious; adaxial corolla lip 5.5-6 mm; pistil 2-2.5 cm; capsule at least 6.5 cm. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Flowers 2-11 in cymes; leaf margin serrate to dentate; calyx 0.9-1.2 cm, tube 6-10 mm; staminodes 3, 0.5-6 mm; anther connective appendage hornlike, 1.2-1.8 mm; capsule 9-13 cm; seed appendage 1.5-2 mm; subshrubs to 50 cm |
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21 Lysionotus gamosepalus |
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Flowers solitary; leaf margin entire or denticulate with small glands; calyx 1.6-2.2 cm, tube 12-18 mm; staminodes 2, ca. 2 mm; anther connective unappendaged; capsule 6.5-9 cm; seed appendage 0.3-0.5 mm; prostrate herbs, scandent subshrubs, or lianas, stems sometimes thick corky, to 9 m |
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23 Lysionotus chingii |
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| 4 (1) |
Seed appendages 0.1-0.25 mm (unknown in L. gracilis). |
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(5) |
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Seed appendages at least 0.5 mm long. |
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(9) |
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| 5 (4) |
Corolla (2-)2.7-5.5 cm, outer surface glabrous, adaxial lip 3-6 mm, abaxial lip 8-14 mm; staminodes 2; peduncle 3-8 cm; bracts linear, linear-oblong, or lanceolate. |
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(6) |
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Corolla 1.7-1.9 cm, outer surface at least sparsely puberulent, adaxial lip 2-3 mm, abaxial lip 5.5-7 mm; staminodes 3; peduncle 0.2-2.5(-9.5) cm; bracts narrowly triangular or triangular. |
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(8) |
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| 6 (5) |
Stamens ca. 12 mm; pedicel 1.5-2.9 cm |
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1 Lysionotus longipedunculatus |
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Stamens 4-5 mm; pedicel 0.6-1 cm. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaf blade 2.2-5.7 X 0.8-1.5 cm, leathery; peduncle 3-4.5 cm; calyx segments ca. 7 mm; corolla inner surface glandular puberulent below abaxial lip, tube subtubular, ca. 1.5 cm, mouth ca. 5 mm in diam. |
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12 Lysionotus gracilis |
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Leaf blade 8-14 X 2-4 cm, papery; peduncle 5.5-7.5 cm; calyx segments 4-5 mm; corolla inner surface glabrous, tube funnelform-tubular, ca. 2 cm, mouth ca. 8 mm in diam. |
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10 Lysionotus atropurpureus |
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| 8 (5) |
Leaf blade margin subentire with small glands or indistinctly denticulate; peduncle 0.2-1 cm; corolla glabrous inside; calyx 6-7 mm |
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2 Lysionotus oblongifolius |
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Leaf blade margin subentire to denticulate; peduncle 1-2.5(-9.5) cm; corolla abaxial lip sparsely puberulent inside; calyx 4-5 mm |
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3 Lysionotus denticulosus |
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| 9 (4) |
Seed appendages 1.5-3.2 mm; capsule 13-21 cm |
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5 Lysionotus wilsonii |
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Seed appendages 0.5-2 mm; capsule to 13 cm. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Anther connective with hornlike appendage. |
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(11) |
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Anther connective unappendaged. |
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(13) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaf blade herbaceous, seldom papery, 4-14(-18) cm; bracts ovate to orbicular, 4-8.5 mm wide; corolla sparsely puberulent outside, sparsely glandular puberulent basally inside |
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20 Lysionotus serratus |
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Leaf blade leathery, 1.2-10 cm; bracts linear to ovate, obovate, or oblanceolate, 0.4-3 mm wide; corolla glabrous or puberulent basally outside, glabrous inside. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaf blade apex abruptly acuminate to obtuse; calyx segments 9-12 mm; staminodes 8-10 mm |
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18 Lysionotus kwangsiensis |
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Leaf blade apex acute to subtruncate; calyx segments (1-)2-7(-8) mm; staminodes 0.6-5(-8) mm |
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19 Lysionotus pauciflorus |
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| 13 (10) |
Calyx 12-20 mm, deeply 5-lobed, tube 3-3.5 mm; peduncle ca. 0.8 cm |
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16 Lysionotus metuoensis |
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Calyx 1.5-14 mm, 5-sect from base or near base, tube absent or 0.2-1 mm; peduncle (absent or)1.5-10 cm. |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Stems glabrous. |
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(15) |
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Stems puberulent at least near apex. |
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(20) |
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| 15 (14) |
Bracts orbicular-ovate, nearly as long as wide; leaf blade 4-7 mm wide; ovary with a few short hairs; capsule 2-2.7 cm |
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8 Lysionotus involucratus |
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Bracts linear, lanceolate to ovate, or elliptic, at least 2 X as long as wide; leaf blade (0.7-)1-8 cm wide; ovary glabrous; capsule 2.5-12 cm (fruits unknown in L. atropurpureus). |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Calyx segments 11-14 mm; corolla 5-6.5 cm; staminodes ca. 6 mm |
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7 Lysionotus petelotii |
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Calyx segments 4-9 mm; corolla 1.7-5 cm; staminodes 0.6-3 mm. |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Leaf blade margin entire or repand, glandular; corolla 1.7-2.1 cm, sparsely glandular puberulent basally inside, tube 1-1.3 cm |
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4 Lysionotus aeschynanthoides |
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Leaf blade margin serrulate to serrate or denticulate, eglandular; corolla 2.6-5 cm, glabrous inside, tube 1.7-3.4 cm. |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Peduncle 1.5-4.4 cm; bracts 1-1.5 mm; corolla white, purple striate; filaments 8-12 mm; pistil 1.8-2.8 cm |
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6 Lysionotus heterophyllus |
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Peduncle 4.5-10 cm; bracts 2-8 mm; corolla purple; filaments 2.5-5 mm; pistil 1.2-1.4 cm. |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Leaf blade margin serrate; bracts lanceolate to ovate, 1.2-4 mm wide; corolla mouth 4-5 mm in diam., adaxial lip ca. 2.5 mm |
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9 Lysionotus sessilifolius |
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Leaf blade margin denticulate; bracts linear, 0.2-0.8 mm wide; corolla mouth ca. 8 mm in diam., adaxial lip ca. 6 mm |
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10 Lysionotus atropurpureus |
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| 20 (14) |
Leaf blade 0.35-2.2 X 0.25-0.9 cm; flowers solitary. |
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(21) |
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Leaf blade (1-)2-14 X (0.5-)1-4 cm; flowers solitary or in 2-6-flowered cymes. |
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(23) |
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| 21 (20) |
Leaf blade 0.35-1.1 cm, apex obtuse; corolla ca. 1.3 cm, inner surface glabrous; staminodes 3; calyx segments 1.5-4 mm; pistil ca. 8 mm |
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17 Lysionotus microphyllus |
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Leaf blade 0.8-2.2. cm, apex acute to acuminate; corolla 3.8-5 cm, inner surface sparsely puberulent near base or near filament bases; staminodes 2; calyx segments 4-8.5 mm; pistil 17-32 mm. |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Leaf blade glabrous, papery, narrowly elliptic to ovate; calyx segments 4-7 mm, glabrous on both sides; corolla outer surfaces glabrous; petiole 1-5 mm; disc ringlike, margin entire |
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14 Lysionotus sulphureus |
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Leaf blade densely puberulent, leathery, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; calyx segments 7.5-8.5 mm, outside puberulent, inside glabrous; corolla outer surface sparsely puberulent; petiole 0.5-1 mm; disc cupular, margin shallowly dentate |
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15 Lysionotus levipes |
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| 23 (20) |
Bracts broadly obovate to ovate or deltoid; calyx segments narrowly ovate to obovate or oblong ovate; leaf blade abaxially sparsely pilose; corolla outer surface pilose; staminodes 5-6 mm |
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13 Lysionotus pubescens |
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Bracts linear or linear-oblong; calyx segments lanceolate-linear to triangular-linear; leaf blade abaxially puberulent to glabrous; corolla outer surface glabrous or sparsely puberulent; staminodes 0.6-3 mm. |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Corolla inner surface glandular puberulent below abaxial lip, tube subtubular, ca. 1.5 cm, mouth ca. 5 mm in diam. |
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12 Lysionotus gracilis |
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Corolla inner surface glabrous, tube funnelform-tubular to slender funnelform, 1.9-3.4 cm, mouth 6-12 mm in diam. |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Stems apically sparsely puberulent; calyx segments 4-5 mm; pistil ca. 12 mm |
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10 Lysionotus atropurpureus |
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Stems apically puberulent to densely puberulent; calyx segments 4-13 mm; pistil 13-28 mm. |
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(26) |
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| 26 (25) |
Bracts 1-1.5 mm; calyx segments 4-8 mm; corolla mouth 9-12 mm in diam.; seeds 1-1.2 mm, appendages subulate, 0.5-0.8 mm |
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6 Lysionotus heterophyllus |
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Bracts 2.2-4.5 mm; calyx segments (6-)8-13 mm; corolla mouth 6-9 mm in diam.; seeds ca. 0.8 mm, appendages hairlike, ca. 2 mm |
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11 Lysionotus forrestii |
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List of lower taxa
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