1	Inflorescences racemose; seeds with scalelike appendages at both ends; flowers sometimes replaced by propagules		56 Titanotrichum
+	Flowers solitary or inflorescences cymose (including umbel-like or paniculate cymes), sometimes racemelike and 1-sided; seeds either not appendiculate or with subulate or hairlike appendages at 1 or both ends (unknown in Calcareoboea. Dayaoshania, Gyrogyne. Lagarosolen. Paraisometrum,and Thamnocharis); flowers never replaced by propagules.		(2)
2 (1)	Corolla actinomorphic, 4- or 5-lobed; stamens 4 or 5, staminodes absent; seeds unappendaged (unknown in Thamnocharis).		(3)
+	Corolla zygomorphic, usually distinctly 2-lipped or rarely actinomorphic; fertile stamens (1 or)2 or 4, staminodes absent or 1-3; seeds appendaged or unappendaged.		(6)
3 (2)	Corolla suburceolate, tube longer than limb; stamens included, anther thecae divergent, confluent apically; capsule 4-valved		3 Tengia
+	Corolla rotate or campanulate, tube 1/3-1 X limb; stamens equalling corolla or exserted, anther thecae parallel, not confluent; capsule 2-valved.		(4)
4 (3)	Anthers connate into a tube surrounding style, connectives with long apical projections; disc absent; inflorescences umbel-like cymes; leaves 1 to few		4 Conandron
+	Anthers free, connectives without projections; disc ringlike; inflorescences cymes; leaves few to many.		(5)
5 (4)	Bracts 2, opposite; corolla purple to blue, deeply 4- or 5-lobed, tube rotate; stamens adnate to corolla near base, anthers basifixed; stigma 1, nearly truncate or punctiform; leaf blade base cuneate		1 Thamnocharis
+	Bracts 6-9 to numerous, crowded, involucrate; corolla white, 4- or 5-lobed, tube campanulate; stamens adnate to corolla tube near or above middle, anthers dorsifixed; stigmas 2, equal, oblate to 2-lipped; leaf blade base truncate to cordate		2 Bournea
6 (2)	Fruit indehiscent berries, fleshy to leathery; plants woody herbs or shrubs.		(7)
+	Fruit dehiscent capsule; plants herbaceous to shrubby.		(8)
7 (6)	Calyx divided from base; corolla campanulate-tubular; stamens 4		49 Rhynchotechum
+	Calyx divided only from above middle (in China); corolla funnelform-tubular; stamens 2 (in China)		50 Cyrtandra
8 (6)	Calyx plicate between lobes; corolla tube campanulate, spurred or saccate at base; stamens 4; ovary depressed globose or subglobose.		(9)
+	Calyx not plicate; corolla tube funnelform to tubular, cylindric, salverform, urceolate, or campanulate, base usually not swollen, rarely saccate, sometimes gibbous abaxially; stamens (1 or)2 or 4; ovary linear to oblong or ovoid, rarely subglobose or globose.		(10)
9 (8)	Leaves slightly unequal in a pair; adaxial corolla lip ca. 1/2 as long as abaxial lip; anthers free, thecae not confluent		51 Gyrogyne
+	Leaves strongly unequal in a pair, smaller much reduced; adaxial corolla lip as long as abaxial lip; anthers coherent laterally to form a shallow cone, thecae confluent at apex		52 Stauranthera
10 (8)	Capsule ovoid to depressed globose, shorter than calyx; ovary ovoid to depressed globose; inflorescences cymose, sympodial, or scorpioid, racemose; bract apparently absent or 1; stem leaves 1 to few.		(11)
+	Capsule linear to ovoid, much surpassing calyx, rarely shorter than calyx, then leaves all basal (fruit unknown in Paraisometrum); ovary usually linear to oblong, rarely ellipsoid, linear-lanceolate, conical, or ovoid; flowers solitary or inflorescences cymose including paniculate or umbel-like cymes; bracts 2, rarely apparently absent, 1, or 3; leaves basal or on stem, few to many.		(13)
11 (10)	Leaves opposite, strongly unequal in a pair, smaller much reduced and sessile; inflorescences apparently without bracts; calyx with many longitudinal secretory canals; staminode 1; ovary 2-loculed; placenta 1, axile		53 Whytockia
+	Leaves alternate, or lowest stem leaf only unpaired, adaxial ones usually opposite and equal or nearly so in a pair; bract 1; calyx without secretory canals; staminodes 2, 3, or absent; ovary 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal.		(12)
12 (11)	Leaves few, all alternate; inflorescences lax racemes appearing scorpioid; stamens 2 and abaxial, or 4; capsule loculicidal		54 Rhynchoglossum
+	Leaves 1 to few, lowest leaf unpaired, those near apex usually opposite; inflorescences scorpioid cymes, dense; stamens 2, adaxial; capsule circumscissile		55 Epithema
13 (10)	Fertile stamens 4.		(14)
+	Fertile stamens 2.		(37)
14 (13)	Calyx zygomorphic, 2-lipped, adaxial lip undivided, abaxial lip 4-lobed; disc tubular; capsule narrowly ellipsoid		15 Cathayanthe
+	Calyx actinomorphic, 5-lobed to 5-sect from base; disc ringlike, rarely cupular or inconspicuous; capsule oblong to linear, rarely conical to ovoid.		(15)
15 (14)	Plants stemless.		(16)
+	Plants with a distinct stem.		(27)
16 (15)	Adaxial corolla lip 4-lobed, over 2 X longer than abaxial lip, abaxial lip undivided		8 Paraisometrum
+	Adaxial corolla lip 2-lobed, equalling or much shorter than abaxial lip, abaxial lip 3-lobed or 3-sect.		(17)
17 (16)	Stigma 1.		(18)
+	Stigmas 2.		(21)
18 (17)	Abaxial corolla lip densely bearded inside; bracts apparently absent; corolla tube tubular; anthers coherent in pairs, thecae divaricate		13 Corallodiscus
+	Corolla glabrous to puberulent inside; bracts 2, rarely absent or several; corolla tube campanulate to broadly tubular, sometimes oblique, sometimes saccate at base, throat some- times constricted; anthers free or all 4 coherent together, thecae parallel or subparallel.		(19)
19 (18)	Anthers of all 4 stamens coherent together; capsule oblique in relation to pedicel; adaxial corolla lip distinctly shorter than abaxial		16 Beccarinda
+	Anthers free; capsule straight in relation to pedicel; adaxial corolla lip slightly shorter than to as long as abaxial.		(20)
20 (19)	Ovary oblong; anther thecae parallel, not confluent, seldom horseshoe-shaped, then thecae divaricate and confluent at apex; corolla tube 1-4 X longer than limb; leaf blade base cuneate to subcordate		5 Oreocharis
+	Ovary ovoid or conical; anther thecae subparallel, confluent at apex; corolla tube slightly shorter than limb; leaf blade base cuneate to attenuate		18 Boeica
21 (17)	Adaxial corolla lip emarginate to nearly entire.		(22)
+	Adaxial corolla lip 2-lobed to 2-sect from base.		(23)
22 (21)	Corolla tube subcampanulate to funnelform-tubular, not swollen; stamens adnate to corolla near base, all or only abaxial ones exserted, anthers free, thecae confluent at apex		6 Tremacron
+	Corolla tube narrowly funnelform to cylindric, slightly gibbous abaxially; stamens adnate to corolla tube above or rarely below middle, usually included, rarely exserted, anthers coherent in pairs, thecae not confluent		9 Ancylostemon
23 (21)	Ovary 2-loculed, only adaxial locule fertile; placenta 1, axile; capsule oblique in relation to pedicel; cymes 1-3-flowered		11 Briggsiopsis
+	Ovary 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal; capsule straight in relation to pedicel; cymes 1- to many flowered.		(24)
24 (23)	Corolla tube narrowly campanulate, gibbous abaxially, (0.7-)1-2(-2.6) cm in diam., abaxial lip 3-lobed		10 Briggsia
+	Corolla tube cylindric to funnelform, broadly tubular, campanulate, urceolate, or salverform, not swollen, slightly gibbous abaxially, or slightly ampliate basally, 0.2-1(-1.2) cm in diam., abaxial lip 3-sect, rarely 3-lobed.		(25)
25 (24)	Anthers dehiscing longitudinally from arcuate slits; corolla zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic, tube campanulate, cylindric, or rarely urceolate or salverform, not swollen		7 Isometrum
+	Anthers dehiscing longitudinally, rarely transversely; corolla zygomorphic, tube campanulate-cylindric to broadly tubular, sometimes ampliate basally, throat sometimes constricted or narrowly funnelform to cylindric, slightly gibbous abaxially.		(26)
26 (25)	Corolla purple to blue or white or yellow to red, tube campanulate-cylindric to broadly tubular, sometimes ampliate basally, throat sometimes constricted, adaxial lip 2-lobed; anthers free; calyx 5-sect from base		5 Oreocharis
+	Corolla orange to yellow or white, rarely pink, tube narrowly funnelform to cylindric, slightly gibbous abaxially, adaxial lip 2-lobed, emarginate, or rarely undivided; anthers coherent in pairs; calyx 5-sect from base to 5-lobed from above middle		9 Ancylostemon
27 (15)	Stigmas 2.		(28)
+	Stigma 1.		(31)
28 (27)	Ovary 2-loculed, only adaxial locule fertile; placenta 1, axile; capsule oblique in relation to pedicel; corolla tube tubular-funnelform; cymes 1-3-flowered		11 Briggsiopsis
+	Ovary 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal; corolla tube cylindric to broadly tubular or narrowly campanulate, sometimes ampliate above; capsule straight in relation to pedicel; cymes 1- to many flowered.		(29)
29 (28)	Corolla tube cylindric basally, ampliate above, not swollen		12 Didissandra
+	Corolla tube narrowly campanulate to broadly tubular, gibbous abaxially.		(30)
30 (29)	Seeds unappendaged		10 Briggsia
+	Seeds with 1 hairlike appendage at each end		46 Loxostigma
31 (27)	Calyx zygomorphic, 2-lipped, adaxial lip undivided, abaxial lip 4-lobed; disc tubular; capsule splitting along 1 suture		15 Cathayanthe
+	Calyx actinomorphic, 5-sect from base or 5-lobed, segments equal or unequal; disc ringlike, inconspicuous or absent; capsule 2(or 4)-valved.		(32)
32 (31)	Leaves 1(or 2), apical on stem; leaf blade base cordate to auriculate; anthers dehiscing from fissures or cracks; capsule slightly longer than calyx		14 Platystemma
+	Leaves few to many, opposite, rarely whorled, spread along stem or crowded near stem apex; leaf blade base cuneate to attenuate or rounded, rarely cordate; anthers dehiscing longitudinally, poricidally, or transversely; capsule much longer than calyx.		(33)
33 (32)	Seeds with 1 subulate or hairlike appendage at each end, or with up to 50 appendages at hilar end; corolla tube narrowly tubular to funnelform-tubular or subtubular, longer or much longer than limb, 4-17 mm in diam.; ovary linear; stamens adnate to corolla tube near or above middle, anthers usually coherent in pairs.		(34)
+	Seeds unappendaged; corolla tube campanulate, shorter than to slightly longer than limb, 3-9 mm in diam.; ovary ovoid, ellipsoid, or conical; stamens adnate to corolla near or slightly above base, anthers free or all 4 coherent together.		(35)
34 (33)	Corolla white to yellowish, tube subtubular, gibbous abaxially near limb, with 2 arcuate projections abaxially inside; stamens included, thecae confluent at apex; seeds with 1 subulate appendage at each end		45 Anna
+	Corolla red to orange, seldom greenish, yellow, or white, tube narrowly tubular to funnelform-tubular, often curved, not swollen, inside sparsely puberulent, sparsely glandular puberulent, glabrous, or with a hair ring; stamens usually exserted, thecae not confluent; seeds with 1 hairlike appendage at each end or up to 50 appendages at hilar end		47 Aeschynanthus
35 (33)	All anthers coherent together; capsule oblique in relation to pedicel; leaf blade base cordate to cuneate		16 Beccarinda
+	Anthers free; capsule straight in relation to pedicel; leaf blade base cuneate to attenuate.		(36)
36 (35)	Corolla yellowish, tube slightly longer than limb; anther thecae not confluent; ovary ellipsoid; cymes 3-5-flowered		17 Leptobaea
+	Corolla white to pink or blue to purple, tube slightly shorter than limb; anther thecae confluent at apex; ovary ovoid or conical; cymes 1- to many flowered		18 Boeica
37 (13)	Plants with a distinct stem.		(38)
+	Plants stemless.		(50)
38 (37)	Stigmas 2.		(39)
+	Stigma 1.		(43)
39 (38)	Flowers solitary; capsule valves spirally twisted; corolla tube campanulate-tubular, adaxial lip slightly shorter than abaxial		44 Rhabdothamnopsis
+	Inflorescences cymes, sometime spikelike or racemelike, 2-10-flowered; capsule valves straight, not twisted; corolla tube slender funnelform, funnelform, or funnelform-tubular, adaxial lip much shorter than abaxial.		(40)
40 (39)	Bracts forming a globose involucre; corolla tube much longer than limb; leaf blade base attenuate to broadly cuneate; stamens adnate to corolla tube below middle, anthers coherent by adaxial surfaces, thecae divaricate, confluent		26 Hemiboeopsis
+	Bracts not forming an involucre; corolla tube longer than limb; leaf blade base cuneate to rounded or cordate; stamens adnate to corolla tube near middle, anthers coherent at apex, thecae parallel, not confluent at apex.		(41)
41 (40)	Stigmas equal, oblate or semiorbicular, undivided; calyx 5-sect from base; stamens adnate to corolla tube near mouth, slightly exserted		21 Didymostigma
+	Stigmas unequal, smaller 1 truncate or triangular, undivided, larger 1 narrowly obtrapeziform, emarginate; calyx 5-lobed; stamens adnate to corolla tube near middle, included.		(42)
42 (41)	Ovary 1-loculed; placentas parietal; corolla abaxial lip lobes unequal		22 Pseudochirita
+	Ovary 2-loculed; placentas axile; corolla abaxial lip lobes subequal		23 Allostigma
43 (38)	Subshrubs or rarely lianas, usually epiphytic, less frequently epipetric or terrestrial; seeds with 1 appendage at each end		48 Lysionotus
+	Herbs, rarely subshrubs (rarely shrubs outside China), always terrestrial or epipetric; seeds unappendaged.		(44)
44 (43)	Anthers basifixed, thecae parallel, not confluent at apex; bracts 2, forming a globose to ovoid involucre.		(45)
+	Anthers dorsifixed, thecae divaricate, confluent at apex; bracts 2, not forming an involucre, rarely up to 7 and whorled, 1, or absent.		(46)
45 (44)	Ovary 1-loculed; placenta parietal; capsule dehiscing on both sides; corolla inside glabrous; tube somewhat gibbous abaxially, adaxial lip inconspicuous, much shorter than abaxial lip		24 Metabriggsia
+	Ovary 2-loculed, only adaxial locule fertile; placenta axile; capsule dehiscing only adaxially; corolla inside usually with a ring of hairs; tube not swollen, adaxial lip shorter than to nearly as long as abaxial		25 Hemiboea
46 (44)	Stamens adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near or above middle; capsule valves straight, not twisted.		(47)
+	Stamens adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near base; capsule valves usually at least slightly twisted.		(48)
47 (46)	Stigma abaxial, 2-lobed to undivided		32 Chirita
+	Stigma terminal, undivided		35 Didymocarpus
48 (46)	Anthers dehiscing transversely; disc cupular; stigma ligulate; calyx zygomorphic		43 Trisepalum
+	Anthers dehiscing longitudinally from straight or arcuate slits; disc inconspicuous or ringlike; stigma capitate, seldom subligulate; calyx actinomorphic, rarely slightly zygomorphic.		(49)
49 (48)	Leaf blade adaxially woolly to glabrous, abaxially woolly, pannose, or velutinous, hairs interwoven, usually branched; corolla inside glabrous to glandular puberulent; tube longer than to occasionally nearly equalling limb		40 Paraboea
+	Leaf blade puberulent to woolly, hairs unbranched; corolla inside bearded, tube shorter than limb		42 Ornithoboea
50 (37)	Corolla adaxial lip 4-lobed, abaxial lip undivided.		(51)
+	Corolla adaxial lip 2-lobed, rarely undivided, abaxial lip 3-lobed, rarely 4-lobed.		(52)
51 (50)	Inflorescences dense umbel-like cymes; corolla tube 4-5 X longer than limb, adaxial lip longer than abaxial; stamens adnate to corolla tube above middle		38 Calcareoboea
+	Inflorescences lax cymes; corolla tube shorter than limb, adaxial lip slightly shorter than abaxial; stamens adnate to corolla tube near base		39 Allocheilos
52 (50)	Anthers dehiscing transversely; stigma 1, ligulate; capsule valves spirally twisted		43 Trisepalum
+	Anthers dehiscing longitudinally; stigmas 1 or 2, if 1 then usually capitate, globose, disclike, truncate, lamelliform, oblate, or obtrapeziform, rarely linear or subligulate; capsule valves straight or twisted.		(53)
53 (52)	Corolla adaxial lip undivided.		(54)
+	Corolla adaxial lip 2-lobed.		(55)
54 (53)	Corolla tube tubular to funnelform-tubular, longer than limb; stamens exserted, anthers basifixed, free or coherent at apex, thecae parallel, not confluent; leaf blade base broadly cuneate to subrounded		29 Deinocheilos
+	Corolla tube broadly tubular, nearly equalling limb; stamens included, anthers dorsifixed, coherent by adaxial surfaces, thecae divaricate, confluent at apex; leaf blade base cordate		36 Gyrocheilos
55 (53)	Anthers basifixed or if dorsifixed then stamens slightly exserted, thecae parallel.		(56)
+	Anthers dorsifixed or nearly so, stamens included, thecae divaricate.		(58)
56 (55)	Anthers dorsifixed, stamens slightly exserted; placentas undivided; inflorescences monochasial cymes, 1- or 2-flowered		20 Dayaoshania
+	Anthers basifixed, stamens included; placentas projecting inward, 2-cleft; inflorescences cymes, sometimes umbel-like, 1- to many flowered.		(57)
57 (56)	Corolla tube 1.5-4 X longer than limb, 3.5-17 mm in diam.; stamens adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube near middle, rarely near base; ovary and capsule linear		19 Opithandra
+	Corolla tube shorter than limb, 2-5 mm in diam.; stamens adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near base; ovary conical to broadly ovoid; capsule narrowly ellipsoid to oblong to ovoid		27 Petrocosmea
58 (55)	Anthers free, thecae not confluent; capsule nearly globose; leaf blade base rounded, peltate		28 Metapetrocosmea
+	Anthers coherent, thecae confluent at apex; capsule linear to narrowly ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong; leaf blade base attenuate to cordate, rarely auriculate or auriculate-peltate.		(59)
59 (58)	Stigmas 2; corolla lobe apex acute		30 Lagarosolen
+	Stigma 1; corolla lobe apex rounded, seldom obtuse or acute.		(60)
60 (59)	Capsule valves spirally twisted or seldom straight, if straight leaf blade abaxially woolly, pannose, or velutinous, hairs dense, interwoven, usually branched.		(61)
+	Capsule valves straight, not twisted; leaf blade abaxially strigose or puberulent to villous, velutinous, or woolly.		(62)
61 (60)	Capsule valves 4; leaf blade abaxially woolly, pannose, or velutinous, hairs very dense, interwoven, usually branched		40 Paraboea
+	Capsule valves 2; leaf blade villous to puberulent, hairs dense, not interwoven or branched		41 Boea
62 (60)	Corolla tube slightly shorter than to nearly equalling limb, lobes acute		37 Dolicholoma
+	Corolla tube longer to much longer than limb, lobes rounded, obtuse, or acute.		(63)
63 (62)	Ovary ovoid or narrowly ovoid; capsule narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid, equalling to shorter than calyx.		(64)
+	Ovary linear; capsule linear to very narrowly ovoid, much surpassing calyx.		(65)
64 (63)	Corolla nearly salverform, tube cylindric, adaxial lip slightly shorter than abaxial		31 Primulina
+	Corolla tube nearly tubular, adaxial lip slightly to 2-3 X shorter than abaxial		33 Chiritopsis
65 (63)	Corolla tube suburceolate-tubular, 1-2.5 mm in diam., limb indistinctly 2-lipped, adaxial lip slightly shorter than abaxial; lobe apex acute; stamens adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube slightly above base		34 Petrocodon
+	Corolla tube funnelform-tubular to campanulate or cylindric, 2-20 mm in diam., limb 2-lipped; adaxial lip slightly to 1.5-3.5 X shorter than abaxial; lobe apex rounded, rarely obtuse to acute; stamens adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near or above middle.		(66)
66 (65)	Stigma abaxial, 2-lobed to undivided		32 Chirita
+	Stigma terminal, undivided		35 Didymocarpus