1	Placentas (2 or)3–5, in middle part of capsule valves; capsule dehiscing by (2 or)3–5 valves; inflorescences umbellate.		(2)
+	Placentas 2, at base or in proximal part of capsule valves, slightly connate at base; capsule ± compressed, dehiscing by 2 valves; inflorescences umbellate or paniculate, rarely racemose.		(21)
2 (1)	Placentas 2; capsule usually dehiscing by 2(or 3) valves.		(3)
+	Placentas 3–5; capsule dehiscing by 3–5 valves.		(8)
3 (2)	Ovary and capsule pubescent.		(4)
+	Ovary and capsule glabrous.		(6)
4 (3)	Young branchlets glabrous.		15 P. elevaticostatum
+	Young branchlets pubescent.		(5)
5 (4)	Sepals erect, 3–4 mm; petals free, ca. 8 mm; leaf blade 3–5 × 1–1.7 cm.		16 P. parvilimbum
+	Sepals reflexed, ca. 2 mm; petals united below middle, ca. 10 mm; leaf blade 3–7 × 1.5–2.5 cm.		17 P. reflexisepalum
6 (3)	Capsule valves ca. 1 mm thick.		20 P. perglabratum
+	Capsule valves ca. 0.4 mm thick.		(7)
7 (6)	Funicles 6–8 on each capsule valve, in pairs along middle of placenta, creamy yellow, slender, flat, 1–2 mm; capsule cylindric, 1.4–1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 7–12 × 1.5–2.5 cm.		18 P. henryi
+	Funicles 2 on each capsule valve, dark brown, short, knoblike; capsule ellipsoid, 1–1.2 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 6–10 × 2.5–4 cm.		19 P. merrillianum
8 (2)	Capsule valves woody, 1–2.5 mm thick; seeds 2–4 mm.		(9)
+	Capsule valves thinly leathery, less than 1 mm thick; seeds 3–7 mm.		(14)
9 (8)	Seeds more than 30; capsule valves 3–5, 2–2.5 mm thick; ovary pubescent.		1 P. crispulum
+	Seeds fewer than 25; capsule valves usually 3, less than 2 mm thick; ovary pubescent or glabrous.		(10)
10 (9)	Capsule globose, 1.2–2 cm; ovary pubescent or glabrous.		(11)
+	Capsule ellipsoid or ovoid, less than 1.5 x 1 cm; ovary pubescent.		(12)
11 (10)	Capsule 1.5–2 cm in diam., glabrous, apex acute.		2 P. rehderianum
+	Capsule ca. 1.2 cm in diam., pubescent, apex rounded or obtuse.		3 P. tobira
12 (10)	Capsule valves 1.5–2 mm thick; seeds 4–8; sepals ca. 2.5 mm.		4 P. xylocarpum
+	Capsule valves ca. 1 mm thick; seeds ca. 15; sepals 4–7 mm.		(13)
13 (12)	Leaf blade 6–11 × 2–4 cm; sepals 6–7 mm; capsule ca. 1.2 cm.		5 P. subulisepalum
+	Leaf blade 5–8 × 1.5–2.5 cm; sepals 4–5 mm; capsule 1.3–1.8 cm.		6 P. pauciflorum
14 (8)	Capsule globose or slightly trigonous-globose.		14 P. illicioides
+	Capsule ellipsoid, obovoid, or long cylindric.		(15)
15 (14)	Ovary glabrous or sparsely puberulous.		(16)
+	Ovary densely pubescent.		(18)
16 (15)	Capsule with 3 prominent abaxial sutures.		7 P. perryanum
+	Capsule without prominent abaxial sutures.		(17)
17 (16)	Ovary slightly puberulous or glabrous; ovules 8–9; seeds 3–4 mm.		8 P. omeiense
+	Ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 18; seeds 5–6 mm.		9 P. glabratum
18 (15)	Capsule 2–3 cm.		(19)
+	Capsule less than 1.5 cm.		(20)
19 (18)	Capsule stipe ca. 5 mm; petals 1.5–1.8 cm.		10 P. podocarpum
+	Capsule stipe 1–2 mm; petals 1–1.2 cm.		11 P. trigonocarpum
20 (18)	Leaf blade elliptic or narrowly oblong.		12 P. kweichowense
+	Leaf blade lanceolate or oblanceolate.		13 P. parvicapsulare
21 (1)	Inflorescences compound, corymbose or paniculate.		(22)
+	Inflorescences simple, umbellate, racemose, or corymblike.		(31)
22 (21)	Inflorescences usually pedunculate, corymbose, appearing paniculate.		(23)
+	Inflorescences usually not pedunculate, umbellate or corymbose.		(27)
23 (22)	Capsule more than 2 cm, valves more than 2 mm thick; leaf blade obtuse at apex.		42 P. viburnifolium
+	Capsule less than 1 cm, valves less than 1 mm thick; leaf blade acute at apex.		(24)
24 (23)	Seeds 2–4(or 5); placentas at base of capsule valves.		(25)
+	Seeds 5–16; placentas in lower part of capsule valves.		(26)
25 (24)	Leaf blade 4–6 cm wide; inflorescences 6–10 cm; young branchlets glabrous.		43 P. paniculiferum
+	Leaf blade 2–4 cm wide; inflorescences 4–6 cm; young branchlets pubescent.		44 P. kerrii
26 (24)	Leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4–8 cm wide; seeds 5–8.		45 P. napaulense
+	Leaf blade obovate or oblong-obovate, 3–5 cm wide; seeds 10–16.		46 P. pentandrum
27 (22)	Leaf blade oblong or elliptic, 10–20 × 4–8 cm; inflorescences more than 5 cm.		37 P. daphniphylloides
+	Leaf blade obovate-oblong, oblanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 8–15 × 2–6 cm; inflorescences 3–4 cm.		(28)
28 (27)	Seeds ca. 4; placentas at base of capsule valves; leaf blade obovate-oblong, 4–6 cm wide.		38 P. kwangsiense
+	Seeds more than 6; placentas in middle part of capsule valves; leaf blade obovate- lanceolate, 2–5 cm wide.		(29)
29 (28)	Lateral veins more than 12-paired; seeds 6–8.		39 P. undulatifolium
+	Lateral veins fewer than 10-paired; seeds 7–16 or more.		(30)
30 (29)	Capsule 8–9 mm in diam.; seeds more than 16.		40 P. johnstonianum
+	Capsule 7–8 mm in diam; seeds 7–10.		41 P. brevicalyx
31 (21)	Capsule valves woody, 1–3 mm thick.		(32)
+	Capsule valves thinly woody, less than 1 mm thick.		(33)
32 (31)	Leaf blade obovate-lanceolate, 7–10 × 2–3 cm; capsule 1.3–1.6 cm in diam.; seeds 16–24.		21 P. lenticellatum
+	Leaf blade oblanceolate, 4–6 × 1–2 cm; capsule 1–1.2 cm in diam.; seeds 10–12.		22 P. planilobum
33 (31)	Capsule ellipsoid, long pear-shaped, or obovoid, more than 1 cm.		(34)
+	Capsule globose or compressed globose, less than 1 cm.		(36)
34 (33)	Young branchlets and inflorescences brown pubescent; inflorescences densely flowered.		24 P. balansae
+	Young branchlets and inflorescences glabrous; inflorescences sparsely flowered.		(35)
35 (34)	Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, falcate, 10–23 × 0.7–1.8(–2.2) cm; sepals ovate, ca. 3 mm.		25 P. qinlingense
+	Leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, 7–12 × 2.5–4.5 cm; sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 2 mm.		23 P. tenuivalvatum
36 (33)	Young branchlets pubescent or puberulous.		(37)
+	Young branchlets glabrous.		(41)
37 (36)	Petals connate; leaf blade 2–3.5 × ca. 1 cm, apex obtuse; seeds ca. 4.		26 P. saxicola
+	Petals free; leaf blade 2.5–9 × 0.3–3.5 cm, apex acute or acuminate; seeds 4–18.		(38)
38 (37)	Leaf blade 2.5–6 × 0.3–0.8 cm, apex acuminate.		27 P. angustilimbum
+	Leaf blade 6–9 × 2–3.5 cm, apex acute.		(39)
39 (38)	Inflorescences racemose; seeds ca. 4; leaf veins indistinct.		28 P. tonkinense
+	Inflorescences umbellate; seeds 8–18; leaf veins distinct.		(40)
40 (39)	Leaf blade rhombic or obovate, apex shortly acute; seeds 16–18; young branchlets gray pubescent.		29 P. truncatum
+	Leaf blade oblong, apex acute; seeds 8–10; young branchlets brown pubescent.		30 P. fulvipilosum
41 (36)	Leaf blade linear, lanceolate, or oblong, widest below middle.		(42)
+	Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate, widest above middle.		(43)
42 (41)	Leaf blade linear or narrowly lanceolate, sometimes oblanceolate; petals connate.		35 P. heterophyllum
+	Leaf blade oblong or lanceolate; petals free.		36 P. leptosepalum
43 (41)	Leaf blade 3–6 cm, apex rounded.		31 P. pulchrum
+	Leaf blade 6–12 cm, apex acute.		(44)
44 (43)	Inflorescences glabrous; sepals connate, forming a shallow cup, glabrous; petals connate.		34 P. tubiflorum
+	Inflorescences pubescent; sepals free.		(45)
45 (44)	Inflorescences with scalelike leaves at base; sepals pubescent; petals free.		32 P. kunmingense
+	Inflorescences without scalelike leaves at base; sepals glabrous; petals connate proximally.		33 P. oligophlebium