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23. Pseudosasa Makino ex Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 150. 1925.
矢竹属 shi zhu shu
Authors: Zheng-de Zhu, De-Zhu Li & Chris Stapleton
Plants small, shrublike, or arborescent, spreading and densely clumped; rhizomes leptomorph. Culms pluricaespitose, erect to drooping, 0.5–13 m tall, to 6 cm thick; internodes terete or moderately grooved; nodes not greatly swollen; supra-nodal ridge not evident. Branch buds tall, prophylls 2-keeled, initially closed at front, without promontory. Branches erect, initially 1–3 per node, short or long, central slightly dominant with basal nodes compressed, branches always fully sheathed, without replication of lateral branches, sheaths and prophylls ± glabrous. Culm sheaths deciduous to very persistent, tough; blade erect or reflexed, narrowly triangular to strap-shaped. Leaf sheaths persistent; blades moderately large for size of culm, without marginal necrosis in winter, arrangement random, transverse veins distinct. Inflorescence an open raceme or panicle; branching subtended by large or small bracts. Spikelets 2–20 cm; rachilla sinuous, disarticulation below florets; florets 3–30. Glumes 2, shorter than first lemma; lemma to 1 cm. Palea 2-keeled. Stamens 3. Stigmas 3.
Nineteen species: China, Japan, Korea; 18 species (17 endemic, one introduced) in China.
Taxa incertae sedis
Pseudosasa membraniligulata B. M. Yang (Bamboo Res. 1989(2): 3. 1989) was described from Hunan. It is difficult to decide the identity of this species because the type specimen (B. M. Yang 06537, HNNU) is abnormal. According to G. Y. Yang’s Ph.D. dissertation, it does not belong to Pseudosasa.
Pseudosasa pubicicatrix W. T. Lin (J. Bamboo Res. 13(2): 22. 1994, “pubioicatrix”) was described from Hainan. According to G. Y. Yang’s Ph.D. dissertation, the holotype specimen (Huang Quan 0002, CANT) is a mixture, which probably includes elements of three different genera: the culm sheaths look like P. hindsii, whereas the culms look like Indocalamus, and the leafy branches are Bambusa.
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| 1 |
Culm sheaths very persistent; midculm branches 1(–3) (P. subg. 1. Pseudosasa). |
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1 P. japonica |
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Culm sheaths deciduous; midculm branches usually 3 |
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2 (P. subg Sinicae) |
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| 2 |
Culm sheath blade ovate to broadly ovate, constricted at base |
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(3) |
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Culm sheath blade linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, weakly or rarely constricted at base |
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(8) |
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| 3 (2) |
Culm to 1.6 m, less than 4 mm in diam. |
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13 P. gracilis |
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Culm 2–5 m, 5–12 mm in diam |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaves 3–5(–7) per ultimate branch |
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(5) |
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Leaves 4–10 per ultimate branch |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Culm sheath sparsely setose and white tomentellate; leaf sheaths densely setose and glaucous; culm internodes 10–15 cm. |
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17 P. viridula |
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Culm sheath densely brown setose; leaf sheaths glabrous; culm internodes 20–32 cm. |
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18 P. magilaminaris |
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| 6 (4) |
Leaf sheath auricles absent; secondary veins of leaf blades 3–5-paired. |
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14 P. hindsii |
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Leaf sheath auricles present, secondary veins of leaf blades 5–9-paired |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Culm sheath smooth or sparsely setose, light brown, base glabrous, apex truncate or weakly arched |
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15 P. cantorii |
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Culm sheath densely tomentellate, sparsely white setose, base with dense retrorse hairs, apex arched. |
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16 P. orthotropa |
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| 8 (2) |
Culm sheath ± spotted or streaked |
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(9) |
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Culm sheath without spots or streaks |
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(13) |
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| 9 (8) |
Culms to 8 m, to 5 cm in diam. |
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12 P. longiligula |
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Culms 1.2–4 m, 0.5–1.5 cm in diam |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Culm sheath obscurely streaked, ligule 7–9 mm or slightly shorter, auricles very small and circular, oral setae present. |
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8 P. subsolida |
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Culm sheath distinctly spotted, ligule short, less than 4 mm |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Culm sheath glabrous, occasionally sparsely setose at base; culm internodes powdery-black below nodes. |
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11 P. wuyiensis |
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Culm sheath setose, hairy at base; culm internodes ± glaucous |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Culm sheath with adnate, retrorse setae, tomentose at base, slightly yellow, sheath ligule 1.5–4 mm. |
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9 P. maculifera |
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Culm sheath long hispid; sheath ligule less than 1 mm. |
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10 P. brevivaginata |
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| 13 (8) |
Culm sheath auricles absent or elliptic when present, oral setae present, sheath linear-lanceolate |
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(14) |
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Culm sheath auricles and oral setae absent |
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(16) |
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| 14 (13) |
Culm sheath auricles present, elliptic; sheath blade lanceolate, erect, base constricted. |
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4 P. aeria |
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Culm sheath auricles absent; sheath blade |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Culm sheath densely brown setose, basally densely so. |
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2 P. amabilis |
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Culm sheath white pubescent and sparsely light brown setose. |
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3 P. yuelushanensis |
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| 16 (13) |
Culm sheaths glabrous, auricles present. |
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5 P. jiangleensis |
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Culm sheaths brown setose, auricles absent |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Culm sheath blade conical-lanceolate; ligule arched, ca. 1 mm, ciliate. |
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6 P. acutivagina |
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Culm sheath blade linear-lanceolate; ligule extremely short, nearly absent. |
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7 P. pubiflora |
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List of lower taxa
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