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7. Ternstroemia Mutis ex Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 39, 264. 1782.
厚皮香属 hou pi xiang shu
Dupinia Scopoli; Hoferia Scopoli; Mokof Adanson; Mokofua Kuntze; Taonabo Aublet.
Shrubs or trees, evergreen, androdioecious. Leaves alternate but often clustered at apex of branchlets and pseudoverticillate, margin entire or rarely serrate, petiolate. Flowers axillary, solitary or frequently several clustered on leafless branchlets, pedicellate. Bracteoles 2, alternate to subopposite, close to sepals, persistent or caducous. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent or rarely caducous, margin glandular dentate, basally ± connate. Petals 5, imbricate, basally slightly connate. Stamens 30-50, in 1 or 2 whorls; filaments short and adnate to base of petals; anthers basifixed, oblong, glabrous, connective exserted. Ovary superior, 2-4(or 5)-loculed with 2(-5) ovules per locule, placentation axile; style 1, apically 2(-4)-lobed. Fruit baccate, indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent with seeds dangling and probably dispersed by birds. Seeds reniform, slightly compressed, with a fleshy red outer layer; endosperm abundant.
About 90 species: tropical and subtropical Africa, America, and Asia; 13 species (ten endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Leaf blade abaxially glandular punctate |
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(2) |
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Leaf blade abaxially not glandular punctate |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade thickly leathery, midvein adaxially flat or only slightly impressed; bracteoles 4-5 mm; stamens ca. 6 mm. |
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3 T. kwangtungensis |
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Leaf blade leathery to thinly leathery, midvein adaxially distinctly impressed; bracteoles 1.5-3 mm; stamens 3.5-4.5 mm |
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(3) |
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| 3 (3) |
Leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, 8-15 cm, secondary veins visible on both surfaces; fruit ca. 2 cm in diam., pedicel 1-1.5 cm and stout. |
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1 T. yunnanensis |
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Leaf blade elliptic to broadly elliptic, 3-9 cm, secondary veins obscure on both surfaces; fruit 1-1.3 cm in diam., pedicel 1.5-2.5 cm and slender. |
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2 T. hainanensis |
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| 4 (1) |
Fruit globose to compressed globose |
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(5) |
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Fruit ovoid, long ovoid, conic, or ellipsoid |
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(8) |
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| 5 (4) |
Ovary 2-loculed, style apically 2-lobed; petals 6-10 mm |
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(6) |
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Ovary 4-loculed, style apically 4-lobed; petals 10-18 mm |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Pedicel 2-3 cm, bracteoles 2.5-3 mm; petals 8-10 mm wide. |
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5 T. luteoflora |
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Pedicel 1-1.5 cm, bracteoles 1.5-2.5 mm; petals 4-6 mm wide. |
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7 T. gymnanthera |
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| 7 (5) |
Petiole 1.5-3 cm, bracteoles 4-6 mm; sepals 10-14 mm; fruit 1.6-3 cm in diam. |
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4 T. insignis |
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Petiole 1-1.5 cm, bracteoles ca. 2.5 mm; sepals 5-6.5 mm; fruit ca. 1.5 cm in diam. |
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6 T. biangulipes |
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| 8 (4) |
Fruit ovoid, long ovoid, or conic, widest basally, apex acute |
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(9) |
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Fruit ellipsoid, widest at middle, apex obtuse |
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(11) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaf blade adaxially becoming blackish brown when dry; sepals ovate to oblong-ovate, both surfaces golden punctate. |
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8 T. nitida |
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Leaf blade adaxially becoming light green when dry; sepals ovate-orbicular, suborbicular, ovate-oblong, oblong, both surfaces not punctate |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade elliptic to broadly elliptic, secondary veins visible or slightly raised on both surfaces; pedicel 1.5-3 cm; sepals ovate-orbicular to suborbicular, 6-8 × 5-7 mm; fruit 1.5-2 × 1-1.3 cm, persistent sepals ca. 8 × 7 mm. |
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9 T. conicocarpa |
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Petiole 0.5-1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-elliptic, secondary veins obscure on both surfaces; pedicel 1-1.5 cm; sepals ovate-oblong to oblong, 3-4.5 × 2-3.5 mm; fruit 1-1.2 × ca. 0.8 cm, persistent sepals 4-5 × 3-3.5 mm. |
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10 T. sichuanensis |
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| 11 (8) |
Petiole 10-15 mm; leaf blade 6-9.5 cm, secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein; petals yellow. |
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11 T. simaoensis |
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Petiole 3-10 mm; leaf blade 2-7 cm, secondary veins 3-6 on each side of midvein; petals white or pale yellowish white |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Petiole 5-10 mm; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or broadly elliptic, (4-)5-7 cm, secondary veins 4-6 on each side of midvein; pedicel 1-1.5 cm; petals 4.5-5 × 5-5.5 mm; fruit 12-15 × ca. 10 mm. |
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12 T. japonica |
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Petiole ca. 3 mm; leaf blade obovate, obovate-oblong, or oblanceolate, 2-5(-6.5) cm, secondary veins 3-4 on each side of midvein; pedicel 0.5-1 cm; petals ca. 4 × 3.5 mm; fruit 8-10 × 5-6 mm. |
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13 T. microphylla |
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List of lower taxa
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