| 1 |
Leaves palmately compound with 3-5 leaflets |
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(2) |
| + |
Leaves simple |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Branchlets and inflorescence axes pilose; leaflets abaxially sparsely pubescent, or with woolly hairs when young, becoming sparsely so when mature. |
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10 V. piasezkii |
| + |
Branchlets and inflorescence axes with arachnoid tomentum; leaflets abaxially with persistent rubiginous arachnoid tomentum. |
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37 V. lanceolatifoliosa |
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| 3 (1) |
Branchlets with prickles, becoming tuberculate on old branches. |
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1 V. davidii |
| + |
Branchlets and old branches without prickles or tubercles |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Branchlets and petioles with setose and glandular hairs, glands with or without a stalk |
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(5) |
| + |
Branchlets and petioles pilose or with arachnoid tomentum |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Branchlets and petioles with dense glandular as well as simple hairs; leaves inconspicuously 3-5-lobed or unlobed, margin with sharp teeth. |
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2 V. romanetii |
| + |
Branchlets and petioles with sparse glandular hairs; leaves conspicuously 3-5-lobed, margin with obtuse teeth. |
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3 V. shenxiensis |
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| 6 (4) |
Leaves abaxially with dense white or rubiginous arachnoid or woolly tomentum |
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(7) |
| + |
Leaves abaxially glabrous, or pilose, or with sparse arachnoid tomentum |
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(16) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaves 3-5-lobed or heterophyllous and mixed with undivided ones |
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(8) |
| + |
Leaves undivided or inconspicuously 3-5-lobed |
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(11) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaves 3-5-lobed, lobes broad |
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(9) |
| + |
Leaves 3-5-cleft or deeply parted, mixed with undivided ones |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Branches with white woolly tomentum, erect hairs absent; tendrils bifurcate. |
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28 V. heyneana |
| + |
Branches pilose; tendrils unbranched or mixed with bifurcate ones. |
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35 V. sinocinerea |
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| 10 (8) |
Leaves of two types, 3-5-cleft and undivided. |
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31 V. longquanensis |
| + |
Leaves all divided deeply or at least to middle, sometimes deep lobes pinnatifid, some lobes broad and undivided. |
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36 V. bryoniifolia |
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| 11 (7) |
Leaves basally deeply cordate, notch rounded or acutely angular, sinuses close together or overlapping |
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(12) |
| + |
Leaves basally slightly cordate or subtruncate, sometimes mixed with conspicuously cordate ones |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaves oval or ovate-elliptic, abaxial veins with woolly tomentum. |
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29 V. retordii |
| + |
Leaves suborbicular or quinquangularly rounded, abaxial veins densely pubescent with appressed soft hairs. |
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30 V. menghaiensis |
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| 13 (11) |
Branchlets and inflorescence axis ± with arachnoid tomentum. |
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28 V. heyneana |
| + |
Branchlets and inflorescence axis with variable hairiness (including arachnoid tomentum) |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Leaves adaxially with sparse arachnoid tomentum when young, then glabrescent; branchlets and inflorescence axis with sparse arachnoid tomentum. |
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32 V. bellula |
| + |
Leaves adaxially or only veins with dense, short, appressed hairs; inflorescence axis densely pubescent |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Branchlets sparsely pilose; leaves slightly lobed, base truncate, only adaxial veins sparsely pubescent. |
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33 V. bashanica |
| + |
Branchlets densely pubescent; leaves undivided, base subcordate, adaxially densely pubescent. |
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34 V. hui |
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| 16 (6) |
Leaves abaxially glabrous or only axils of veins with hairs, or young leaves with tomentum then falling off |
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(17) |
| + |
Leaves abaxially pilose or at least abaxial veins pilose or with arachnoid tomentum |
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(25) |
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| 17 (16) |
Leaves sagittate or deltoid-sagittate, 3-5-lobed or cleft, or mixed with undivided ones; inflorescence narrow, small, cylindrical, with basal branches poorly developed |
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(18) |
| + |
Leaves variously shaped but neither sagittate nor deltoid-sagittate, undivided |
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(19) |
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| 18 (17) |
Leaf margin 12-16-toothed on each side, conspicuously ciliate, abaxial veinlets raised. |
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17 V. wenchowensis |
| + |
Leaf margin 7-10-toothed on each side, only upper part of margin with very short and sparse hairs, not ciliate, abaxial veinlets conspicuous, but not raised |
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20 V. ruyuanensis |
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| 19 (17) |
Leaves ovate, oval, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, base slightly subcordate or subtruncate |
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(20) |
| + |
Leaves oval, broadly ovate, or triangular-ovate, base cordate or deeply so |
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(21) |
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| 20 (19) |
Leaves ovate or oval, not glaucous, veinlets inconspicuous. |
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25 V. flexuosa |
| + |
Leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, usually glaucous, veinlets conspicuous and raised. |
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8 V. chungii |
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| 21 (19) |
Basal sinuses close together or partly overlaid |
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(22) |
| + |
Basal sinuses forming an obtuse angle without any overlapping |
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(23) |
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| 22 (21) |
Leaves subleathery, margin serrate, apex sharply acute, abaxially usually glaucous, rarely glaucescent. |
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6 V. chunganensis |
| + |
Leaves papery, margin coarsely dentate, apex cuspidate, abaxially not glaucous. |
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21 V. mengziensis |
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| 23 (21) |
Peduncles with sparse arachnoid tomentum when young, then gradually falling off. |
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4 V. balansana |
| + |
Peduncles pilose |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Leaves oval, apex acute or acuminate, veinlets slightly raised. |
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5 V. yunnanensis |
| + |
Leaves ovate-oblong or triangular-ovate, apex acuminate, veinlets conspicuously raised. |
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7 V. luochengensis |
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| 25 (16) |
Leaves conspicuously 3-5-divided or mixed with undivided leaves |
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(26) |
| + |
Leaves undivided, rarely inconspicuously 3-5-lobed |
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(33) |
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| 26 (25) |
Leaves basally deeply cordate, basal sinuses attaching or partly overlapping, margin coarsely toothed (cultivated). |
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27 V. vinifera |
| + |
Leaves basally cordate, basal notch obtuse or rounded, margin shallowly toothed |
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(27) |
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| 27 (26) |
Tendrils unbranched, rarely bifurcate |
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(28) |
| + |
Tendrils 2(or 3)-branched |
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(30) |
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| 28 (27) |
Branchlets and petioles sparsely brown villous; leaves undivided or mixed with 2- or 3-cleft leaves, margin with long ciliate hairs. |
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23 V. hancockii |
| + |
Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles sparsely pilose; leaves usually 3-5-lobed or cleft, margin not ciliate or only slightly so with short ciliate hairs |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Leaves abaxially greenish or lavender, veinlets slightly raised. |
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18 V. jinggangensis |
| + |
Leaves abaxially reddish purple, veinlets conspicuously raised on both sides. |
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19 V. erythrophylla |
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| 30 (27) |
Leaves unlobed or 3-5-lobed, lobes broad |
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(31) |
| + |
Leaves 3-5-cleft to middle or deeply parted, lobes narrow, rarely lobes pinnatifid, or sometimes mixed with shallowly lobed leaves |
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(32) |
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| 31 (30) |
Leaves oval or obelliptic, basal sinuses forming an obtuse angle. |
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9 V. betulifolia |
| + |
Leaves broadly oval, basal sinuses rounded, rarely forming an obtuse angle. |
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26 V. amurensis |
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| 32 (30) |
Plants small, stems slender; leaf margin 5-9-toothed on each side. |
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15 V. silvestrii |
| + |
Plants strong, stems robust; leaf margin 16-25-toothed on each side. |
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14 V. zhejiang-adstricta |
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| 33 (25) |
Leaves abaxially with at least veins with arachnoid tomentum, rarely glabrous, never with erect hairs |
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(34) |
| + |
Leaves abaxially with at least veins with erect hairs, or sometimes mixed with arachnoid tomentum |
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(36) |
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| 34 (33) |
Inflorescence axis pilose and with arachnoid tomentum. |
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22 V. fengqinensis |
| + |
Inflorescence axis with arachnoid tomentum, but not erect hairs |
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(35) |
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| 35 (34) |
Leaves 7-16 × 5-12 cm, margin 16-20-toothed on each side. |
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12 V. wilsoniae |
| + |
Leaves 3-7 × 2.5-6 cm, margin 5-13-toothed on each side. |
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16 V. wuhanensis |
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| 36 (33) |
Leaves rhombic-ovate or rhombic-elliptic, base broadly cuneate or suborbicular. |
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23 V. hancockii |
| + |
Leaves ovate or oval, base cordate, subcordate, or subtruncate, rarely rounded |
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(37) |
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| 37 (36) |
Leaves basally conspicuously cordate |
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(38) |
| + |
Leaves basally subcordate or subtruncate, rarely rounded |
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(39) |
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| 38 (37) |
Branchlets glabrous; abaxial veins of leaves pilose with spreading brown hairs. |
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11 V. pilosonerva |
| + |
Branchlets with sparse woolly tomentum; abaxial veins of leaves with white hairs and with sparse arachnoid tomentum. |
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13 V. pseudoreticulata |
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| 39 (37) |
Tendrils bifurcate; leaves oval or ovate-elliptic. |
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9 V. betulifolia |
| + |
Tendrils unbranched; leaves ovate or oval-lanceolate. |
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24 V. tsoi |
