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11. Yulania Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phan. 7: 462. 1839.
玉兰属 yu lan shu
Magnolia subg. Pleurochasma Dandy; M. subg. Yulania (Spach) Reichenbach.
Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Stipules membranous, adnate to petiole and leaving a scar on petiole. Leaves spirally arranged, folded in bud, erect when young; leaf blade membranous or thickly papery, margin entire or rarely 2-lobed at apex. Flowers terminal on brachyblasts, solitary, bisexual, appearing before or at same time as leaves, large and showy, usually fragrant. Tepals 9-15(-45), 3 per whorl, white, pink, purplish red, or rarely yellow, subequal, sometimes outer ones (perules) smaller, greenish or yellowish brown, and sepal-like. Stamens caducous; filaments flat; connective exserted and forming a long or short mucro; anthers dehiscing introrse-latrorsely or latrorsely. Gynoecium without a gynophore; carpels distinct; ovules 2(-4) per carpel; styles curved outward. Fruit usually terete when mature, often curved because of carpels partly abortive; mature carpels often distinct or rarely connate, leathery or subwoody, dehiscing along dorsal sutures, persistent on torus.
About 25 species: temperate and subtropical regions of SE Asia and North America; 18 species including one to six hybrid species (16 endemic, one introduced) in China.
Yulania kobus (Candolle) Spach (Magnolia kobus Candolle, nom. cons.; M. praecocissima Koidzumi), native to Japan and S Korea, is cultivated as a garden plant in Shandong and Zhejiang. "Magnolia glabrata Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou" and "M. glabrata var. multipetala Y. W. Law & Q. W. Zeng" (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 62, 64. 2004) either represent hybrids between Yulania (Magnolia) species found in plantations grown for medicinal xinyi or could be a synonyms of already published taxa; however, they were not validly published because no Latin descriptions or diagnoses were provided and no types were indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).
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| 1 |
Tepals unequal, outer ones sepal-like and much smaller than inner ones |
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(2) |
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Tepals subequal, outer ones not much smaller and sepal-like |
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(7) |
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| 2 (1) |
Flowers appearing at same time as or later than leaves; leaf blade conspicuously decurrent at base; stipular scar nearly 1/2 as long as petiole. |
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12 Y. liliiflora |
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Flowers appearing before leaves; leaf blade not decurrent at base; stipular scar less than 1/2 as long as petiole |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Mature carpels connate or densely aggregated, not curved, abaxially white lenticellate. |
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11 Y. cylindrica |
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Mature carpels distinct from each other, usually curved, tuberculate abaxially |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Gynoecium with trichomes |
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(5) |
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Gynoecium glabrous |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Young twigs yellowish green, densely pubescent; leaf blade varied in shape, obovate, ovate, obtriangular, or orbicular, apex obtuse with an acute acumen or emarginate or lobed. |
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13 Y. jigongshanensis |
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Young twigs purplish brown, glabrous; leaf blade obovate, apex obtusely rounded, with a shortly acute mucro. |
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16 Y. pilocarpa |
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| 6 (4) |
Twigs glabrous. |
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9 Y. biondii |
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Twigs with trichomes. |
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10 Y. stellata |
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| 7 (1) |
Tepals clawed at base; leaf blade elliptic or ovate |
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(8) |
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Tepals base usually not clawed; leaf blade obovate or elliptic-obovate |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Tepals 12-16, obovate-spatulate or oblong-ovate. |
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1 Y. campbellii |
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Tepals 33-48, narrowly elliptic. |
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18 Y. viridula |
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| 9 (7) |
Leaf blade usually emarginate or obtuse at apex |
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(10) |
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Leaf blade acute or shortly acuminate at apex |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Leaf blade obovate-spatulate or narrowly obovate, apex emarginate, abaxially dense silvery wavy villous; tepals 10-14. |
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2 Y. sargentiana |
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Leaf blade narrowly oblong-spatulate or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse, abaxially glabrous or with trichomes along veins; tepals 9-12. |
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3 Y. dawsoniana |
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| 11 (9) |
Twigs with trichomes |
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(12) |
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Twigs glabrous |
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(14) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaf blade irregularly triangular; gynoecium densely villous. |
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14 Y. mirifolia |
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Leaf blade obovate; gynoecium glabrous |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Tepals pure white, sometimes reddish at base abaxially, outer ones equal to inner ones in length. |
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8 Y. denudata |
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Tepals pale to dark red, outer ones ca. 2/3 as long as inner ones. |
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17 Y. ×soulangeana |
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| 14 (11) |
Tepals 12-24 |
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(15) |
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Tepals 9-12 |
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(16) |
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| 15 (14) |
Leaf blade 10-18 cm, lower ca. 2/3 cuneate; each flower bud with 1 flower, tepals rosy (to red) outside, whitish within. |
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4 Y. sprengeri |
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Leaf blade 5-10 cm, base broadly cuneate; each flower bud with 2 or 3 flowers; tepals white. |
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15 Y. multiflora |
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| 16 (14) |
Leaf blade obovate to narrowly obovate-elliptic, apex acuminate to abruptly cuspidate, acumen 0.5-2 cm; tepals red or pale red. |
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5 Y. amoena |
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Leaf blade obovate-oblong, apex rounded, with an acuminate mucro; tepals pale purplish red |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Tepals 9, upper part white, lower part pale purplish red. |
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6 Y. zenii |
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Tepals 11(or 12), pale purplish red. |
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7 Y. elliptigemmata |
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List of lower taxa
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