北京堇菜 bei jing jin cai

Viola dolichoceras C. J. Wang; V. kamtschatica Gingins var. pekinensis Regel; V. liaosiensis P. Y. Fu & Y. C. Teng; V. mongolica f. longisepala P. F. Fu & Y. C. Teng.

Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-9 cm tall, to 17 cm at fruiting, usually with persistent remains of leaves of last year at anthesis. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, 1-4 cm or longer, slightly robust, with numerous white rootlets. Leaves several, basal; stipules 1/2-2/3 adnate to petioles, free part narrowly lanceolate, margin remotely denticulate; petiole narrowly winged, 2-7 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-cordate, cordate, or elliptic-cordate, 1.5-3 × 1-2 cm, larger at fruiting, 2.5-6 × 2-5 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous, abaxially sometimes subglabrous, base cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers white or rarely light rose; pedicels usually exceeding leaves, slender, glabrous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7-9 mm, apex obtuse or acute; basal auricles 1.5-2.5 mm, apex truncate or shallowly dentate, ciliate. Lateral petals bearded, anterior one 1.5-2 cm (spur included), sometimes purple striate in middle and lower parts; spur slightly curved upward, cylindric, 6-8 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary glabrous; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward; stigmas with wider margin on two lateral sides and behind, shortly beaked in front, with a slightly upward stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid or ovoid, 6-8 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.

● Broad-leaved forests, needle-leaved forests, forest margins, stony places, crevices; 500-1900 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi.

In FRPS (51: 42. 1991), the name Viola mongolica was misapplied to this species.