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1. Sclerocarpus africanus Jacquin, Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 17. 1781.
硬果菊 ying guo ju
Herbs, annual. Stems 25-50[-120] cm tall, white hirsute. Leaves opposite, alternate in upper part; blade ovate, 3.5-7 × 1.5-2 cm, both surfaces scabrid, base decurrent to petiole, margin serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Capitula solitary, 8-12 mm in diam.; involucre campanulate; outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 1 cm, apex acuminate, inner ovate-oblong, shorter than outer, abaxially densely tomentose. Ray florets 1-seriate; lamina broadly elliptic, apex 2-lobed. Disk florets puberulent. Achenes oblong; pappus coroniform, of distinct or connate scales.
Naturalized in Xizang [native to tropical Africa and Asia].
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