水葱 shui cong

Scirpus tabernaemontani C. C. Gmelin, Fl. Bad. 1: 101. 1805; Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) Á. Löve & D. Löve; Scirpus lacustris Linnaeus subsp. validus (Vahl) T. Koyama; S. lacustris var. validus (Vahl) Kükenthal; S. validus Vahl; S. validus var. laeviglumis Tang & F. T. Wang.

Rhizomes brown, horizontally creeping. Culms 1-2[-3] m tall, terete, smooth, clothed at base with 3 or 4 leaf sheaths. Leaf sheaths to 38 cm, membranous, apicalmost sheath with a blade; leaf blade linear, 1.5-11 cm. Involucral bract 1, culmlike, subulate, usually shorter to rarely slightly longer than inflorescence, erect. Inflorescence a pseudolateral simple or decompound anthela; rays 4-13 or more, unequal in length, to 5 cm, concave to convex, scabrous. Spikelets solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, ovoid to oblong, 4-10 × 2-3.5 mm, densely many flowered, apex acute to obtuse. Glumes brown to purplish brown, elliptic to broadly ovate, 2.5-3 mm, membranous, abaxially with reddish resinous spots on apical median part, margin broadly white hyaline and ciliate toward apex, apex obtuse to emarginate with a green costa excurrent into a mucro. Perianth bristles (2-)6, reddish brown, shorter than to equaling nutlet, retrorsely scabrous except at base. Stamens 3; anthers linear; connective apex evident beyond anthers. Style ca. 2 mm; stigmas 2(or 3, and 3rd when present shorter than other 2). Nutlet grayish, broadly obovoid to ellipsoid, 2-2.5 mm, subplano-convex, apically contracted into a 0.2-0.4 mm beak. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 42.

Lake margins, shallow water; (near sea level to) 300-3200 m. Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; N Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Central, North, and South America, Europe, Pacific islands].