西南犁头尖 xi nan li tou jian

Arisaema submonoicum Gagnepain; Typhonium calcicola C. Y. Wu ex H. Li, Y. Shiao & S. L. Tseng; T. fallax N. E. Brown; T. hongyanense Z. Y. Zhu; T. horsfieldii (Miquel) Steenis; T. kerrii Gagnepain; T. kunmingense H. Li; T. kunmingense var. alatum H. Li ex H. Peng & S. Z. He; T. kunmingense var. cerebriforme H. Li ex H. Peng & S. Z. He; T. larsenii S. Y. Hu; T. omeiense H. Li; T. pedatum Schott.

Underground part a subglobose to depressed-globose tuber, producing annual offsets. Petiole variable in color, uniform, striped, or spotted, ranging from green to purple, 35-60 cm; leaf blade abaxially pale to gray-green, sometimes with scattered reddish purple spots, adaxially mid- to dark rich velvety green, with or without reddish main vein or splashed with golden spots along main vein, pedatisect, 7-13-lobed; lobes elliptic to lanceolate, margin flat or sinuous, entire or occasionally crenate, apex acute. Peduncle 4.5-20 cm. Spathe convolute at base, outside pale or mid-green or dull mid- to dark brown, with or without a few reddish or blackish brown spots or stripes, inside white or whitish green, base ovoid, occasionally with 1 or a few shallow keels, apex ± constricted; limb slightly arching, outside pale or mid-green, dirty greenish, or dirty pale brownish, with or without a few indistinct darker spots, inside whitish, pale green, with or without a few scattered blackish purple spots, ovate to oblong-ovate, cymbiform, 6-17 × 4-6 cm, often keeled at midrib, apex acuminate to caudate. Spadix shorter than spathe; female zone cylindric or slightly conic, 2.5-10 × 4-8 mm; ovary ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 1-loculed, 1- or 2-ovuled; stigma very small, in a depression of apex of ovary or ringlike surrounding depression; sterile zone narrowly fusiform-conic, 2-6 cm, 3-7 mm in diam. at base, entirely covered by staminodes; proximal staminodes with rhombic, flat base and aristate to clavate process, latter strongly bent upward, white, clavate part yellowish white or occasionally dark red; subbasal staminodes exclusively aristate, strongly pointing upward parallel to spadix axis, ± cream-colored; distal staminodes fused into vertical ridges with numerous irregular short processes, often arranged in ridges, white; male zone cylindric, 6-10 × 2-7 mm; male flowers white, distal ones often sterile and subclavate to spatulate or occasionally aristate; appendix subsessile or more distinctly stipitate, cream-colored or more rarely grayish brown with purple spots, cylindric or rarely fusiform, 1.5-4.5 cm × 2-6 mm, slightly tapering to obtuse apex, smooth or strongly corrugate, base attenuate to stipe; stipe sometimes ridged-verrucate. Fruiting zone with spathe base remaining; berries pale green when mature, obovoid to ellipsoid, corrugate and shallowly grooved.

Evergreen, bamboo, or secondary forests, grasslands, between rocks; 100-3100 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, NE, SE, and W Yunnan [Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].