1 |
Leaves obviously white or brown gland-dotted, with concave reticulate venation or glands, glands deciduous |
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(2) |
+ |
Leaves without concave reticulate venation, usually not gland-dotted |
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(14) |
|
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2 (1) |
Middle stem leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect, segments (3 or)4 or 5 pairs |
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(3) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves entire, or 2- or 3-cleft, or pinnatifid, if pinnatisect then segments 1-3 pairs only |
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(5) |
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3 (2) |
Stem, branches, and phyllaries glabrous or sparsely puberulent, glabrescent; leaves brown gland-dotted, lobes acuminate. |
|
79 A. occidentalisinensis |
+ |
Stem, branches, and phyllaries pubescent; leaves white gland-dotted, lobes obtuse |
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(4) |
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4 (3) |
Stem, branches, and phyllaries rust-colored or brown tomentose or pubescent; leaves abaxially gray tomentose; capitula hemispheric or subovoid, 3-4(-5) mm in diam., in relatively long narrow panicles. |
|
99 A. imponens |
+ |
Stem, branches, and phyllaries gray puberulent; leaves abaxially arachnoid pubescent; phyllaries puberulent initially, later glabrescent; capitula subglobose or ovoid, 1-2 mm in diam., in broad, much-branched panicles. |
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61 A. zhongdianensis |
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5 (2) |
Middle stem leaves entire or 2- or 3-cleft or -partite, mixed sparsely serrate, attenuate basally, sessile; capitula 3-4 mm in diam.; phyllaries abaxially arachnoid tomentose with dark brown center. |
|
54 A. stolonifera |
+ |
Middle stem leaves 1- or 2-pinnatipartite, or 1- or 2-pinnatisect and then segments 1-3 pairs only; capitula 1.5-3 mm in diam.; phyllaries pubescent or not, but without dark brown center |
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(6) |
|
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|
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6 (5) |
Middle stem leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect |
|
(7) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves 1- or 2-pinnatipartite to -pinnatifid |
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(10) |
|
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7 (6) |
Branches (3-)5-10 cm; middle stem leaves 5-10 × 3-8 cm, lobules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, more than 3 mm wide |
|
(8) |
+ |
Branches 2-3(-5) cm; middle stem leaves less than 4 × 4 cm, lobules linear, less than 3 mm wide |
|
(9) |
|
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8 (7) |
Middle stem leaves (1 or)2-pinnatisect, adaxially arachnoid pubescent, later glabrescent; phyllaries arachnoid tomentose. |
|
58 A. lavandulifolia |
+ |
Middle stem leaves 1(or 2)-pinnatisect, adaxially subglabrous; phyllaries sparsely arachnoid pubescent, later glabrescent. |
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59 A. verlotorum |
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9 (7) |
Leaves adaxially sparsely pubescent, abaxially densely tomentose, apex obtuse; phyllaries densely arachnoid tomentose. |
|
60 A. kanashiroi |
+ |
Leaves adaxially puberulent, later glabrescent, abaxially densely arachnoid tomentose, lobules acute; phyllaries puberulent initially, later glabrescent. |
|
64 A. lancea |
|
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10 (6) |
Middle stem leaf segments 2 or 3 pairs, lobes 2-3(-4) mm wide. |
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55 A. argyi |
+ |
Middle stem leaf segments 1 or 2 pairs, lobes usually (3-)5-30 mm wide |
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(11) |
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11 (10) |
Middle stem leaves 3-lobed, middle lobe 6-10 × 1.5-3 cm, larger than laterals, abaxially densely gray or yellowish and arachnoid pubescent; leaf apex acuminate |
|
(12) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves (3 or)5-lobed, middle lobe 2-6 × 0.3-0.6(-1) cm, subequal to or slightly larger than lateral lobes, abaxially yellow pubescent, veins sparsely puberulent; leaf apex acute |
|
(13) |
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12 (11) |
Plants (30-)80-150 cm tall; phyllaries densely arachnoid pubescent; bisexual florets 7-13. |
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56 A. gilvescens |
+ |
Plants 150-200 cm tall or more; phyllaries sparsely pubescent or glabrescent; bisexual florets 12-16. |
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57 A. austroyunnanensis |
|
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13 (11) |
Middle lobe of leaf blade slightly larger than lateral lobes, adaxially sparsely puberulent; capitula in broad panicles, ovoid; phyllaries pubescent. |
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62 A. calophylla |
+ |
Middle lobe of leaf blade subequal to lateral lobes, adaxially sparsely barbate; capitula in narrow panicles, ellipsoid; phyllaries sparsely arachnoid pubescent. |
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63 A. velutina |
|
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14 (1) |
Middle stem leaves entire, margin serrate or not, or 3-5-partite |
|
(15) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves pinnately 1-3-divided |
|
(22) |
|
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15 (14) |
Middle stem leaves palmately or ternately 3- or 5-partite |
|
(16) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves entire |
|
(17) |
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16 (15) |
Synflorescence a lax, broad panicle; capitula 4-5 mm in diam. |
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88 A. tafelii |
+ |
Synflorescence a long, narrow panicle; capitula 2-2.5 mm in diam. |
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105 A. selengensis |
|
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17 (15) |
Leaves 8-13 cm, margin serrulate. |
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87 A. viridissima |
+ |
Leaves less than 8 cm, margin entire or occasionally 1-3-serrate or remotely toothed |
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(18) |
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18 (17) |
Stem, branches, leaves, and phyllaries glabrous or puberulent initially, glabrescent; capitula subglobose, ovoid, or ovoid-campanulate |
|
(19) |
+ |
Stem, branches, leaves, and phyllaries arachnoid tomentose and pubescent; capitula ellipsoid or oblong |
|
(20) |
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19 (18) |
Middle stem leaves widest above middle; capitula 3-3.5 mm in diam. |
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106 A. keiskeana |
+ |
Middle stem leaves widest at or below middle; capitula 1-2 mm in diam. |
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82 A. nilagirica |
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20 (18) |
Middle stem leaves 0.3-0.6 cm wide, apex obtuse, usually entire, rarely 1- or 2-serrate. |
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84 A. subulata |
+ |
Middle stem leaves (0.7-)1.5-2.5(-3) cm wide, apex acuminate, 1-3-serrate or lacerate at apex |
|
(21) |
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21 (20) |
Capitula (2.5-)3-4 mm in diam.; bisexual florets 20-30. |
|
83 A. integrifolia |
+ |
Capitula 2-2.5 mm in diam.; bisexual florets 10-15. |
|
105 A. selengensis |
|
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22 (14) |
Middle stem leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of segments |
|
(23) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves with 2-6(or 7) pairs of segments |
|
(24) |
|
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23 (22) |
Subshrubs, 10-20 cm tall; middle stem leaves 1-1.5 cm, lobe apices obtuse. |
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69 A. nujianensis |
+ |
Perennial herbs, 80-200 cm tall; middle stem leaves 6-12 cm, lobe apices acuminate. |
|
86 A. viridisquama |
|
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24 (22) |
Capitula 5-10 mm in diam., bisexual florets 30-60 |
|
(25) |
+ |
Capitula 1.5-5 mm in diam., bisexual florets 4-25 (30-35 in A. moorcroftiana) |
|
(26) |
|
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25 (24) |
Capitula 6-10 mm in diam., synflorescence a simple terminal raceme; phyllaries densely yellowish pubescent. |
|
100 A. smithii |
+ |
Capitula 5-7 mm in diam., synflorescence a slender panicle with at least lower capitula on lateral branches; phyllaries rust-colored pubescent. |
|
101 A. speciosa |
|
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26 (24) |
Capitula (3-)3.5-5 mm in diam |
|
(27) |
+ |
Capitula 1.5-3(-3.5) in diam., ellipsoid, oblong, ovoid, or ovoid-oblong, usually in laxer synflorescences |
|
(43) |
|
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27 (26) |
Leaf blade abaxially glabrous. |
|
92 A. tainingensis |
+ |
Leaf blade abaxially puberulent to tomentose |
|
(28) |
|
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28 (27) |
Leaf blade abaxially pubescent or puberulent, sometimes arachnoid or silky |
|
(29) |
+ |
Leaf blade abaxially tomentose, sometimes pubescent on veins |
|
(34) |
|
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29 (28) |
Plants 8-30 cm tall; middle stem leaves 1.5-4 × 0.5-2 cm |
|
(30) |
+ |
Plants 60-130(-200) cm tall; middle stem leaves 6-22 × 4-18 cm |
|
(31) |
|
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30 (29) |
Phyllaries puberulent; leaf blade abaxially densely gray pubescent; plant 30-50 cm tall. |
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95 A. youngii |
+ |
Phyllaries densely brown-yellow tomentose; leaf blade abaxially yellowish pubescent; plant 8-30 cm tall. |
|
97 A. comaiensis |
|
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31 (29) |
Middle stem leaves with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of segments. |
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70 A. robusta |
+ |
Middle stem leaves with (3 or)4-6 pairs of segments |
|
(32) |
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32 (31) |
Leaves 3.5-4 cm wide, lobules 5-8 mm. |
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104 A. somae |
+ |
Leaves 4-12 cm wide, lobules 10-15 mm |
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(33) |
|
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33 (32) |
Capitula subglobose; phyllaries not brown, pubescent. |
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102 A. sinensis |
+ |
Capitula ovoid-campanulate or ovoid; phyllaries brown, glabrescent. |
|
109 A. taibaishanensis |
|
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34 (28) |
Middle stem leaves 13-19 cm. |
|
89 A. montana |
+ |
Middle stem leaves 6-12 cm |
|
(35) |
|
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35 (34) |
Plants 8-30(-35) cm tall |
|
(36) |
+ |
Plants 30-150 cm tall |
|
(38) |
|
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36 (35) |
Perennial herbs; phyllaries white tomentose; female florets 13-16. |
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92 A. tainingensis |
+ |
Subshrubs; phyllaries densely pubescent; female florets 8-10 |
|
(37) |
|
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37 (36) |
Leaf blade abaxially densely white tomentose, adaxially sparsely sericeous- tomentose. |
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103 A. kawakamii |
+ |
Leaf blade abaxially densely gray or yellowish tomentose, adaxially glabrescent. |
|
94 A. campbellii |
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38 (35) |
Middle stem leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of segments |
|
(39) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves with (3 or)4-6 pairs of segments |
|
(41) |
|
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39 (38) |
Synflorescence a ± broad panicle; phyllaries gray arachnoid tomentose; leaf blades adaxially gray tomentose when young. |
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81 A. igniaria |
+ |
Synflorescence a narrow panicle; phyllaries arachnoid pubescent; leaf blades adaxially sparsely arachnoid pubescent |
|
(40) |
|
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40 (39) |
Leaf blade pinnatipartite, adaxially glandular punctuate. |
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68 A. leucophylla |
+ |
Leaf blade pinnatisect, adaxially not glandular punctuate. |
|
85 A. brachyphylla |
|
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41 (38) |
Largest leaf blade (1.5-)3-5.5 × (1.5-)2-3 cm; plants 30-70 cm tall; female florets 5-9; bisexual florets 8-15. |
|
98 A. orientalihengduangensis |
+ |
Largest leaf blade 6-14 × 3.5-4 cm; plants 70-130(-150) cm tall; female florets 10-20; bisexual florets 15-35 |
|
(42) |
|
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42 (41) |
Perennial herbs 80-150 cm tall; synflorescence a lax, much-branched, broad panicle. |
|
71 A. qinlingensis |
+ |
Subshrubs 50-70 cm tall; synflorescence a narrow panicle. |
|
90 A. moorcroftiana |
|
|
|
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43 (26) |
Middle stem leaves with 4-6 pairs of segments |
|
(44) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves with 1-3(or 4) pairs of segments, if 4 then phyllaries densely arachnoid pubescent |
|
(51) |
|
|
|
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44 (43) |
Plants 30-40 cm tall |
|
(45) |
+ |
Plants (45-)50-160 cm tall |
|
(46) |
|
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|
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45 (44) |
Plants glabrescent; phyllaries ± glabrous; middle stem leaves 0.5-1.5 cm wide, ultimate lobules elliptic, 3-4 mm. |
|
93 A. orientalixizangensis |
+ |
Plants tomentose; phyllaries sparsely yellowish tomentose; middle stem leaves 1.5-2.5 cm wide, ultimate lobules linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. |
|
96 A. jilongensis |
|
|
|
|
46 (44) |
Leaf blade abaxially sparsely gray pubescent or glabrescent. |
|
107 A. fulgens |
+ |
Leaf blade abaxially densely arachnoid tomentose |
|
(47) |
|
|
|
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47 (46) |
Capitula 3-3.5 mm in diam., usually widely spaced along branches; female florets 10-15. |
|
71 A. qinlingensis |
+ |
Capitula 1.5-3(-3.5) mm in diam., if more than 3 mm then densely spaced; female florets 2-10 |
|
(48) |
|
|
|
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48 (47) |
Middle stem leaves ± sessile; bisexual florets 8-20 |
|
(49) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves petiolate; bisexual florets 4-8 |
|
(50) |
|
|
|
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49 (48) |
Lobules of middle stem leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. |
|
65 A. vulgaris |
+ |
Lobules of middle stem leaves elliptic, oblong, or serrate. |
|
72 A. phyllobotrys |
|
|
|
|
50 (48) |
Stem and branches glabrescent; middle stem leaves with petiole 1-1.5 cm, blade 4-5 cm. |
|
76 A. divaricata |
+ |
Stem and branches densely intermixed gray and yellowish long pubescent and tomentose; middle stem leaves with petiole 0.3-0.5 cm, blade 6-8 cm. |
|
91 A. abaensis |
|
|
|
|
51 (43) |
Subshrubs 10-20 cm tall; middle stem leaves 1-1.5 × 0.8-1 cm, 1-pinnatipartite with 1 or 2 pairs of segments. |
|
69 A. nujianensis |
+ |
Perennial herbs, less often subshrubs, 30-150 cm tall; middle stem leaves 2-18(-20) × 2-10 cm, 1- or 2-pinnatipartite or pinnatisect with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of segments |
|
(52) |
|
|
|
|
52 (51) |
Phyllaries glabrous or glabrescent |
|
(53) |
+ |
Phyllaries persistently arachnoid tomentose or pubescent |
|
(59) |
|
|
|
|
53 (52) |
Leaf blade pinnatisect, segments 1- or 2-paired, or leaf entire; capitula not subtended by leaflike bracts. |
|
105 A. selengensis |
+ |
Leaf blade 1- or 2-pinnatipartite to subpinnatisect, segments 2-4-paired; capitula mostly subtended by leaflike bracts |
|
(54) |
|
|
|
|
54 (53) |
Leaf blade (8-)10-18(-20) cm, abaxially pubescent, sparsely gray arachnoid tomentose or glabrescent |
|
(55) |
+ |
Leaf blade 5-10 cm, abaxially densely gray arachnoid tomentose |
|
(57) |
|
|
|
|
55 (54) |
Capitula subglobose or ovoid, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam., in broad, much-branched panicles. |
|
108 A. sylvatica |
+ |
Capitula oblong or ellipsoid, (1.5-)2-3 mm in diam., in narrow or somewhat broad, rarely broad, panicles |
|
(56) |
|
|
|
|
56 (55) |
Leaf blade ovate or elliptic-ovate, (7-)14-18(-20) cm; phyllaries not brown. |
|
80 A. incisa |
+ |
Leaf blade suborbicular or broadly ovate, 10-14 cm; phyllaries brown. |
|
109 A. taibaishanensis |
|
|
|
|
57 (54) |
Middle stem leaves (1 or)2-pinnatisect, segments lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or linear, 2-6(-10) mm wide; synflorescence branchlets densely spicate. |
|
75 A. rubripes |
+ |
Middle stem leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect or -partite or -cleft, segments not as above; synflorescence branchlets laxer, more racemelike |
|
(58) |
|
|
|
|
58 (57) |
Middle stem leaves with 3(or 4) pairs of segments, distal lobe larger than lateral lobes, lateral lobes 1- or 2-partite; capitula erect or ± nodding. |
|
77 A. indica |
+ |
Middle stem leaves with 2(or 3) pairs of segments, distal lobe larger than lateral lobes, basal lobes larger than lateral lobes, lobes entire or rarely 1- or 2-serrate; capitula nodding. |
|
78 A. princeps |
|
|
|
|
59 (52) |
Branches more than 20 cm; phyllaries with brown centers. |
|
66 A. yunnanensis |
+ |
Branches less than 20 cm; phyllaries not with brown centers |
|
(60) |
|
|
|
|
60 (59) |
Middle stem leaves elliptic or oblong, 1(or 2)-pinnatipartite, segments (2 or)3 or 4 pairs, elliptic, acuminate, 1- or 2-serrate, base attenuate; capitula in narrow panicles. |
|
85 A. brachyphylla |
+ |
Middle stem leaves not as above; capitula in broad or somewhat broad or narrow panicles |
|
(61) |
|
|
|
|
61 (60) |
Middle stem leaves (1 or)2-pinnatisect, lobules linear, linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acute apically |
|
(62) |
+ |
Middle stem leaves 1- or 2-pinnatipartite or 1-pinnatisect, lobules elliptic or elliptic- lanceolate, rarely linear-lanceolate and then obtuse apically |
|
(63) |
|
|
|
|
62 (61) |
Middle stem leaves with (2 or)3(or 4) pairs of segments; capitula 2-3 mm in diam., in broad panicles. |
|
67 A. roxburghiana |
+ |
Middle stem leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of segments; capitula 1.5-2 mm in diam., in narrow or somewhat broad panicles. |
|
73 A. mongolica |
|
|
|
|
63 (61) |
Branches more than 20 cm; middle stem leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of segments, lobes and lobules obtuse apically, petiole tomentose at base; capitula in broad panicles; phyllaries densely arachnoid pubescent, brown at center. |
|
66 A. yunnanensis |
+ |
Branches less than 10 cm; middle stem leaves with 3(or 4) pairs of segments; petiole not tomentose at base; capitula in narrow or somewhat broad panicles; phyllaries puberulent, not brown at center |
|
(64) |
|
|
|
|
64 (63) |
Leaves arachnoid tomentose, blades of lowermost stem leaves elliptic or ovate- elliptic, middle stem leaves 1-pinnatisect, with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of segments; capitula in dense panicles. |
|
68 A. leucophylla |
+ |
Leaves arachnoid pubescent, glabrescent, blades of lowermost stem leaves ovate, suborbicular, or broadly ovate, middle stem leaves 2-pinnatipartite or -sect, with 3(or 4) pairs of segments; capitula in lax panicles. |
|
74 A. verbenacea |