Ditrichum crispatissimum (C. Müll.) Paris, Index Bryol. Suppl. 131. 1900. Leptotrichum crispatissimum C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 3: 97. 1896. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Si-ku-tziu-san (Mt.), Giraldi 871, July 1894 (holotype B, probably destroyed; isotype H). Synonymized by Allen (1994). Dicranodontium sinense (C. Müll.) Paris, Index Bryol. Suppl. 119. 1900. Dicranum sinense C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 4: 249. 1897. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Ki-san (Mt.), Giraldi s.n. Sept. 1895 (syntype B); Schan-kio, Giraldi s.n., Aug. 1895 (syntype B). Ditrichum crispatissimum var. sinense (C. Müll.) C. Gao, Fl. Bryophyt. Sin. 1: 85. 1994. Dichelyma sinense C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 5: 190. 1898. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Tai-bai Shan (Mt.), Giraldi 1984 (holotype B, probably destroyed; isotype H).

Plants medium- to large-sized, slender, 4–7(–14) cm high, green or yellowish green above, brown below, somewhat shiny, in dense tufts. Stems erect, often dichotomously branched, densely tomentose below. Leaves homomallous or contorted above when dry, erect-patent when moist, 4–8 mm long, slenderly lanceolate, gradually to rather abruptly narrowed from a lanceolate, somewhat sheathing base to a long, slender or setaceous acumen; margins plane, entire below, irregularly serrulate above; costa narrow, shortly excurrent; upper cells short-rectangular, 7–10 µm × 5–9 µm; shoulder cells rounded hexagonal, 10–15 µm × 5–6 µm; basal juxtacostal cells rectangular, 26–30 µm × 5–8 µm, becoming linear in 2–3 rows at the margins, 26–30 µm × 2–3 µm, pellucid. Dioicous. Sporophytes not seen.

Type. Ecuador: Andes Quitenses, Jameson s.n.

Chinese specimens examined: QINGHAI: Xing-hai Co., F.-G. Lu 020 (IFSBH). SHAANXI: Ping-xian Co., Z.-P. We 4341 (IFSBH, KUN); Taibai Shan (Mt.), Q. Huang 2266 (MO, as Dicranodontium sinense), Z.-P. Wei 5466, (IFSBH, KUN), M.-X. Zhang 62 (KUN). SHANXI: Ning-wu Co., C. Gao 30900 (IFSBH). SICHUAN: Omei Shan (Mt.), Allen 6518 (MO), D.-K. Li 01551 (SHM); Nan-ping Co., Allen 7250 (MO); Song-pan Co., Allen 7143 (MO); Tian-quan Co., C. Gao 17858 (IFSBH); Yan-yuan Co., M.-Z. Wang 21677a (PE). XINJIANG: Bogeda Shan (Mt.), J.-C. Zhao 86402 (IFSBH). XIZANG: Lin-zhi Co., Y.-G. Su 3713 (IFSBH, KUN). YUNNAN: Da-li Co., Handel-Mazzetti 1509 (H), H.-C. Wang 4482 (KUN); Li-jiang Co., S.-D. Zhao 847 (MO, as Dicranodontium sinense).

Habitat: on soil or rocks in alpine regions; Distribution: China, East Asia, Russia, Europe, North, Central, and South America.

Illustrations: C. Gao (ed.) 1994 (Pl. 35, figs. 1–7).