Fissidens tamarindifolius (Turn.) Brid. var. crispulus (Brid.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 686. 1827. Fissidens auriculatus C. Müll., Linnaea 37: 166. 1872. Fissidens incrassatus Sull. & Lesq., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 4: 276. 1859. Type. China: Hong Kong, C. Wright s.n. (syntype FH). Fissidens pepuensis P.-C. Chen, Sunyatsenia 6(2): 189, taf. 31. 1941. Type. China: Hainan, Pepu (Bei-po), C. Ho 1124 (holotype PE); C. Ho 1120a, 1128, 1138 (paratypes PE). Fissidens sakourae Paris & Broth., Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 2: 921. 1902. Fissidens sylvaticus (auct. non Griff.) Dix., Hong Kong Nat. Suppl. 2: 8. 1933. Fissidens zippelianus Dozy & Molk. in Zoll., Syst. Verz. 29. 1854. Fissidens sylvaticus var. zippelianus (Dozy & Molk.) Gangulee, Mosses E. India 2: 537. 1971.

Plants small, gregarious. Leafy stems simple or branched, 5.5–12.0 mm long, 2.0–2.5 mm wide, with leaf tips curled when dry; axillary hyaline nodules well differentiated; central strand not differentiated. Leaves in 10–24 pairs, often more or less densely arranged, but sometimes rather loosely arranged; middle to upper leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–1.8 mm × 0.3–0.4 mm, broadly acute at apex; base of dorsal laminae rounded to wedge-shaped; vaginant laminae 1/2 –3/5 the leaf length; costa percurrent or ending a few cells below leaf apex; margins finely serrulate to crenulate above, entire below; cells of apical and dorsal laminae rounded-quadrate to rounded- hexagonal, 7–11 µm long, mammillose, obscure; cells of the vaginant laminae similar to those of apical and dorsal laminae, but larger and less mammillose, with thicker wall toward the base. Dioicous. Female inflorescences terminal. Perichaetial leaves differentiated, narrower and longer than stem leaves. Archegonia ca. 280 µm long. Setae 3.4–4.3 mm long, smooth; capsules often erect, symmetrical; urns shortly cylindrical, 0.5–0.6 mm long; exothecial cells shortly rectangular to rectangular-hexagonal, thin-walled; opercula long rostrate, 0.5–0.6 mm long; peristome teeth 0.2–0.3 mm long. Calyptrae campanulate, ca. 0.7 mm long. Spores not seen.

Type. Réunion [Insula Borbonia], 1803, Bory St. Vincent s.n.

Chinese specimens examined: FUJIAN: Gu-lang-yu (Mt.), D.-K. Li 10929 (SHM, SYS); Wuyi Shan (Mt.), D.-K. Li & C.-H. Gao 12612 (SHM, SYS); Xia-men City, P.-J. Lin 2893 (IBSC, SYS); Yong-chun Co., D.-K. Li 10466 (SHM, SYS). GUANGDONG: Bo-lou Co., Redfearn et al. 34448 (MO); Ding-hu Shan (Mt.), P.-J. Lin & Z.-H. Li 12 (IBSC, SYS); Feng-kai Co., L. Sun & J.-L. Zhang 42 (SYS); Guang-zhou City, L. Sun & J.-L. Zhang 2 (SYS); Huai-ji Co., Z.-H. Li 76–09 (SYS); Luo-fu Shan (Mt.), Z.-H. Li 74–001 (SYS); Nan-kun Shan (Mt.), Z.-H. Li 81–084 (SYS); Shi-xing Co., P.-J. Lin & Y.-Y. Yang 4573 (IBSC, SYS). HAINAN: Ba-wang-ling (Mt.), 1974 Team 3140 (IBSC, SYS); Diao-luo Shan (Mt.), 1977 Team 2815 (IBSC, SYS); Jian-feng-ling (Mt.), Z.-H. Li 85–144 (SYS); Wu-zhi Shan (Mt.), Z.-H. Li 2029 (SYS). HONG KONG: Ankarkrona s.n. (H-BR). HUNAN: Chang-sha City, 1974 Team 138 (IBSC, SYS); Liu-yang Co., Z.-H. Li 621 (IBSC, SYS); Yi-zhang Co., Z.-H. Li 706 (IBSC, SYS). SICHUAN: Handel-Mazzetti 129 (H). TAIWAN: Hua-lien Co., Koponen 18314 (H); Nan-tou Co., Koponen 17378 (H); Ping-tung Co., C.-C. Chuang 909 (UBC); Tai-bei Co., Koponen 16664 (H); Tai-chung Co., S.-H. Lin 554 (NICH, TUNG); Tai-nan Co., S.-S. Lin 116 (H). YUNNAN: He-kou Co., M. Zang 4006 (HKAS, H); Jing-hong Co., Redfearn et al. 34013 (MO); Meng-hai Co., Redfearn et al. 34106 (MO); Qiu-bei Co., D.-K. Li 2701 (SHM, SYS); Xi-shuang-ban-na, X.-J. Li 3525 (HKAS, H); Ying-jiang Co., J.-X. Luo & M.-Z. Wang 812990h (PE, SYS). ZHEJIANG: Pu-tuo Shan (Mt.), D.-K. Li 5650 (SHM, SYS); Shang-si Co., D.-K. Li 3945 (SHM, SYS); Xi-tian-mu Shan (Mt.) D.-K. Li 3803 (SHM, SYS).

Habitat: on soil or rocks; Distribution: widespread in the Palaeotropics.

Fissidens crispulus is very common in southern China. It is well characterized by its lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate leaves with mammillose laminal cells, acute, tightly curled tips, and its remarkably differentiated hyaline nodules.

Illustrations: Z.-H. Li 1985 (Fig. 17, a–l).