1	Carpels usually 5, free (if connate, ovary is superior), fruit a follicetum.		(2)
+	Carpels 1 to many, free to connate (if connate, ovary is inferior), fruit not a follicetum.		(4)
2 (1)	Leaves ternate or imparipinnate, disc on rim of the hypanthium slightly lobed or not, carpels connate or not.		(3)
+	Leaves simple, disc on rim of the hypanthium lobed, carpels free.		Spireaea
3 (2)	Plants herbaceous without stipules, carpels free, disc slightly divided into lobes.		Aruncus
+	Plants with woody branches, erect or prostrate with stipules, carpels connate, hypanthium closed at the mouth by the entire disc.		Sorbaria
4 (1)	Herbs, shrubs or sarmentous shrubs. Carpels 1 to many and free. Fruit an achenetum (with drupaceous achenes in Kerria) , drupetum, pometum or glandetum.		(5)
+	Trees or shrubs. Carpels 1 or 3-5 and fused. Fruit a drupe, nuculanium or pome.		(18)
5 (4)	Epicalyx present.		(6)
+	Epicalyx absent.		(12)
6 (5)	Petals absent, hypanthium campanulate, almost closed by the disk at the mouth. Fruit a pometum.		Alchemilla
+	Petals present, hypanthium saucer-shaped to obconic, not closed. Fruit an achenetum or glandetum.		(7)
7 (6)	Stylodia sub-terminal, lateral or sub-basal, leaves trifoliolate to imparipinnate.		(8)
+	Stylodia terminal, leaves imparipinnate.		(11)
8 (7)	Receptacle fleshy in fruit, enclosing the seeds (fruit a glandetum). Seeds superficial to prominent.		(9)
+	Receptacle not fleshy in fruit, fruit an achenetum. Seeds sunken in the receptacle.		(10)
9 (8)	Fruit tasteless, petals yellow, epicalyx broader than the sepals. Seeds prominent, red.		2 Duchesnea
+	Fruit tasty, petals white, epicalyx narrower than the sepals. Seeds superficial, brown.		3 Fragaria
10 (8)	Stamens 10 or more, carpels numerous.		4 Potentilla
+	Stamens 4-5 (10), carpels 5-10 (12).		5 Sibbaldia
11 (11)	Stylodia with caducous upper part, lower part persistent and hooked at the apex.		Geum
+	Stylodia not hooked at apex, without caducous upper part.		Acomastylis
12 (5)	Herbs.		(13)
+	Erect or sarmentous shrubs.		(16)
13 (12)	Hypanthium closed at the mouth, fruit a pometum.		(14)
+	Hypanthium open, fruit an achenetum.		(15)
14 (13)	Hypanthium armed with hooks, petals present, stigma capitate. Inflorescence a raceme. Leaves interruptedly imparipinnate.		Agrimonia
+	Hypanthium unarmed, petals absent, stigma penicillate. Inflorescence in globular heads. Leaves imparipinnate.		Sanguisorba
15 (13)	Stamens 5, stylodia lateral, 1 ovule per carpel. Leaves 1-3 times tripartite		1 Chamaerhodos
+	Stamens 20-40, stylodia terminal, 2 ovules per carpel. Leaves interruptedly imparipinnate.		Filipendula
16 (12)	Sarmentous shrubs, usually prickly. Leaves imparipinnate or palmately to pinnately compound. Fruit a pometum or drupetum with numerous achenes/ druplets.		(17)
+	Erect shrub, leaves simple, fruit an achenetum with 4-5 drupaceous achenes.		Kerria
17 (16)	Hypanthium closed at the mouth, fruit a pometum.		16 Rosa
+	Hypanthium open, fruit a drupetum.		Rubus
18 (4)	Carpel 1, ovary superior, fruit a drupe or nuculanium.		(19)
+	Carpels 3-5, connate, ovary inferior, fruit a pome.		(20)
19 (18)	Style terminal, hypanthium cupular, stipules usually conspicuous or deciduous.		Prunus
+	Style becoming sub-basal, hypanthium recurved, stipules minute.		Prinsepia
20 (18)	Fruit a pome, mature fruit with stony endocarp.		(21)
+	Fruit a pome, mature fruit without a stony endocarp.		(23)
21 (20)	Leaves entire, plants without spines.		Cotoneaster
+	Leaves crenate or lobed, plants with spines.		(22)
22 (21)	Evergreen shrub, stipules caducous, leaves simple.		Pyracantha
+	Deciduous shrub, stipules persistent, leaves pinnately lobed.		Crataegus
23 (20)	Leaves imparipinnate.		Sorbus subgenus Aucuparia
+	Leaves simple or lobed.		(24)
24 (23)	Flowers solitary, ovary with many ovules per locule.		Cydonia
+	Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, ovary with 2 ovules per locule.		(25)
25 (24)	Evergreen tree, inflorescence a compound raceme.		Eriobotrya
+	Deciduous trees, inflorescence raceme or compound raceme.		(26)
26 (25)	Leaves with secondary veins going straight to the margin. Inflorescence a compound raceme (not observed at fruiting stage).		Sorbus subgenus Aria
+	Leaves with secondary veins not going straight to the margins. Inflorescence a simple raceme usually on a brachyblast (short branch).		(27)
27 (26)	Styles fused at the base, pome without sclereids.		Malus
+	Styles free at the base emerging through a hole in the middle of the disc. Pome with sclereids, pyriform to globose.		Pyrus