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1. Emex australis Steinh. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Sér. 2. 9: 195. 1838; R.A.Grahm, l.c. 3; Siddiqi, l.c. 129; Bhopal & Chaudhri, l.c. 98.
A diffusely branched, up to 35 cm tall, glabrous annual herb, usually branched from the base. Leaves petiolate, petiole 1.5-4 cm long; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-4.5 x 1-3 cm, obtuse or somewhat acute, entire; ochrea lacerate. Male flowers axillary or in terminal clusters or in short spikes, sessile. Female flowers in axillary clusters, sessile and in short leafless spikes. Fruit enclosed in 11-12 mm long perianth segments, the 3 outer segments ending into 1-2 mm long spine, each centrarlly ribbed and foveolate on either side with 2 grooves one above the other, basally with 6 spine-like points; inner segments erect, lanceolate.
Fl. Per.: April-June.
Type: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope (Collector and locality uncertain).
Distribution: Native of South Africa. Introduced into New Zealand, Australia and U.S.A. In Pakistan also probably an introduction.
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