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2. Emex spinosus (L.) Campd., Monogr. Rumex. 58.t. 1, f.I. 1819; Boiss., l.c. 1005; R.A. Grahm, l.c. 3; Cullen, l.c. 293; Rech.f. & Schiman.-Czeika, l.c. 2; Siddiqi, l.c. 131; Bhopal & Chaudhri, l.c. 97; Mandaville, l.c. 104; Boulos, l.c. 24; Chaudhary, l.c. 311.
Rumex spinosus L., Sp. Pl. 33. 1753; Rumex glaber Forssk., Fl. Aeg-Arab. 75. 1775.
A decumbent, branched, glabrous up to 35 (-40) cm tall, annual, herb with fleshy roots. Leaves petiolate, petiole 2-6 cm long; blade ovate to ovate-oblong or oblong-cordate, 1.5-3.5 x 2-2.5 cm, obtuse, entire. Male flowers axillary and in long racemes,, 0.5-0.7 mm broad, ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Perianth, herbaceous, 3-6 lobed. Stamens 4-6, shorter than perianth segments. Female flowers in axillary clusters, sessile or subsessile. Nuts 4-5 x 3-4 mm including spines, enclosed in persistent perianth, the outer 3 segments ending into 0.5-1 mm long spine, each centrally ribbed and foveolate on either side with 3 longitudinal grooves, basally with 6 spiny protruberances, inner segments erect, broadly ovate or rounded with a mucro.
Fl. Per. March-May.
Type: Habitat in Creta, Herb. Linn. 464. 36 (LINN, Microfisch!).
A fairly common annual, grows mostly in dry, sandy places, as a weed; Distribution: Mediterranean region, extending to N.W. Spain and Azores, Turkey, Arabia, Iraq, Iran and Pakistan.
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