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Leptodontium viticulosoides var. sulphureum (Lorentz) R. H. Zander, Bryologist. 86: 86. 1983.
[(from autonym, ICBN 11.6)]
Leptodontium excelsum (Sullivant) E. BrittonLeptodontium sulphureum var. panamense LorentzSyrrhopodon excelsus SullivantZygodon sullivantii J. K. A. Müller
Stems to 5 cm. Leaves 2.0--2.5 mm, long-lanceolate, not bordered by differentiated cells; apex narrowly acute; costa percurrent, abaxially smooth; distal laminal cells 8--11 µm wide, 1:1 or medially longitudinally elongate to 2:1, walls thickened throughout the distal portion of the leaf, lumens irregularly rounded, proximal cell walls thickened and porose above but thin-walled below.
Mainly on branches of Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), also Sorbus; 1700--2025 m; Ga., N.C., Tenn., Va.; Mexico; Central America; South America.
Only archegoniate plants appear in the range of the Flora. The description is based solely on populations in the range of the flora; the varietiy has otherwise a large synonymy (see R. H. Zander 1972). The typical variety is widely distributed, but this variety is known only from the New World.
The Southern Appalachian plants are flagellate (with distant leaves that become smaller distally) in comparison with most populations in Latin America but are matched by certain specimens from Mexico. The Appalachian plants are not autoicous as reported by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981); perhaps galls, seen in some specimens, were mistaken for perigonia. The distribution of this taxon is in the Southern Appalachians is associated with the spread of the Balsam Woolly Aphid---damaged defoliating bark is preferentially colonized by this moss.
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