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15. Saussurea de Candolle, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: 156, 196, plates 10–13. 1810.
Saw-wort [For Nicolas Théodore (1767–1845) and Horace Bénédict (1740–1799) de Saussure, Swiss naturalists]
David J. Keil
Perennials, 5–120+ cm; herbage tomentose or glabrescent, not spiny. Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched. Leaves basal or cauline (sometimes cauline only), sessile or petiolate; blade margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed, faces glabrous to densely tomentose, glandular or eglandular. Heads discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Involucres ovoid to campanulate or ± turbinate. Phyllaries many in 3–5(–10+) series, subequal to strongly unequal, appressed or not, ovate to lanceolate, margins entire, toothed, or lobed, apices obtuse or acute, appendaged or not, not spine-tipped. Receptacles flat or convex, epaleate, smooth, usually subulate-scaly, sometimes bristly or naked. Florets 10–20; corollas white to blue or purple, tubes slender, abruptly expanded to throats, lobes linear; anther bases short-tailed, apical appendages linear, acute; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy subterminal nodes, distinct portions oblong to linear, short-papillate. Cypselae oblong, ± angled, cylindric or 4–5-angled, ribs (when present) smooth or roughened, apices entire, glabrous or minutely glandular, attachment scars basal; pappi usually of 2 series, outer of readily falling, short bristles, inner persistent or falling as unit, of basally connate, usually longer, plumose bristles. x = 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19?.
Species 300–400 (6 in the flora): North America, Eurasia, 1 in Australia.
Saussurea is a notoriously difficult, largely Asiatic genus with species boundaries often indistinct.
SELECTED REFERENCE Lipschitz, S. J. 1979. Rod Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae). Leningrad.
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| 1 |
Outer and mid phyllaries with toothed or lobed appendages |
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6 Saussurea amara |
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Outer and mid phyllaries entire, without appendages |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Proximal leaves ovate to lanceolate, usually more than 30 mm wide, bases broadly obtuse to truncate or cordate; plants 30–120 cm |
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(3) |
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Proximal leaves linear to elliptic, 2–25 mm wide, bases acute to acuminate; plants 3–40 cm |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Cauline leaves usually more than 20, finely to ± coarsely serrate or dentate; s Alaska and Yukon to California, Idaho, and Montana |
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1 Saussurea americana |
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Cauline leaves usually 15 or fewer, coarsely laciniate-dentate; nw Alaska |
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2 Saussurea triangulata |
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| 4 (2) |
Phyllaries subequal, linear to lanceolate; receptacles naked |
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4 Saussurea nuda |
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Phyllaries strongly unequal, the outer ovate to lanceolate, conspicuously shorter than inner; receptacles scaly |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Tips of outer and mid phyllaries acute; Alaska and nw Canada |
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3 Saussurea angustifolia |
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Tips of outer and mid phyllaries ± rounded; Rocky Mountains |
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5 Saussurea weberi |
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Lower Taxa
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