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2. Ceratodon purpureus (Hedwig) Bridel, Bryol. Univ. 1:480. 1826.
Dicranum purpureum Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond., 136, plate 36. 1801; Ceratodon purpurascens (Hedwig) Jennings; C. purpureus var. purpurascens (Hedwig) Bridel; C. purpureus var. xanthopus Sullivant
Plants in open to dense tufts, turfs, or mats, green, dark green, brownish green, light green or yellow-green, usually darker proximally, often tinged reddish brown or purple. Stems (0.2-)1-3(-4) cm. Leaves crowded, erect-patent to contorted or somewhat crisped, rarely straight when dry, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or triangular-lanceolate, 0.35-2.8 mm, margins recurved to near apex or rarely plane, irregularly serrate to uneven or smooth distally, apices acute to short-acuminate or, rarely, obtuse; costa strong, sub-percurrent to excurrent, sometimes as a long, smooth awn, medial laminal cells (6.5-)8-12(-14) µm, cell walls even, usually of medium thickness, often somewhat thicker and rounded at the cell angles. Seta 1-3(-4) cm, various shades of red, orange, or yellow. Capsule oblong to long-cylindric, (1-)2-2.5(-3) mm, smooth to strongly sulcate when dry; free to united at their nodes, finely papillose to spinulose-papillose, dark red and bordered to completely pale and absent borders. Spores (10-)11-14(-17) µm.
Subspecies 4 (3 in the flora): nearly worldwide.
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| 1 |
Plants usually of various shades of green to red-brown; seta red to dark brown; capsule inclined to horizontal, oblong to cylindric, strumose, deeply sulcate when dry, usually red to red-brown to purplish, occasionally light brown |
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2a Ceratodon purpureus subsp. purpureus |
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Plants pale green to yellow-green to yellowish brown; seta pale yellow to yellow-orange, rarely reddish; capsule slightly inclined to erect, narrowly cylindric to cylindric, not or weakly strumose, smooth to sulcate when dry, usually pale brown to yellow (golden) -orange |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Stems usually less than 0.5 cm; distal leaves relatively compact, straight to slightly twisted when dry, usually forming a comal tuft, slightly spreading when wet, 0.6-1.2 mm, margins often entire; costa long-excurrent as a smooth awn on many leaves, awns sometimes as long as leaf blade |
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2b Ceratodon purpureus subsp. conicus |
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Stems usually greater than 1 cm; distal leaves more open, usually crisped when dry, not forming a comal tuft, spreading when wet, 1.2-1.8 mm, margins often toothed; costa percurrent to slightly excurrent |
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2c Ceratodon purpureus subsp. stenocarpus |
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Lower Taxa
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