187h. Asteraceae Martinov tribe Inuleae Cassini, J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts. 88: 193. 1819.
Annuals or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, or trees]. Leaves basal and/or cauline (basal often withering before flowering); alternate [opposite]; petiolate or sessile; margins entire or dentate to serrate [pinnately divided]. Heads heterogamous (radiate [disciform]) [homogamous (discoid)], usually in corymbiform, paniculiform, or racemiform arrays, sometimes borne singly (on ± leafy stems). Calyculi 0. Phyllaries persistent [falling], in (2–)3–7+ series, distinct, unequal to subequal, herbaceous to chartaceous or membranous, margins and/or apices usually scarious. Receptacles flat to convex [concave], epaleate [paleate]. Ray florets [0] in 1(–2+) series, pistillate and fertile [neuter]; corollas usually yellow, sometimes reddish [ochroleucous or purplish] (laminae often linear). Disc florets bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes reddish [ochroleucous or purplish], not 2-lipped, lobes (4–)5, usually ± deltate; anther bases ± tailed, apical appendages ovate to lance-ovate or linear; styles abaxially glabrous or papillate (distally), branches ± linear, adaxially stigmatic in 2 lines from bases to apices (lines often confluent distally), apices rounded to truncate, appendages essentially none. Cypselae usually monomorphic within heads, usually ellipsoid or columnar to prismatic [compressed or obcompressed], not beaked (sometimes abruptly constricted at each end), bodies often ribbed (glabrous or hairy, often glandular, hairs not myxogenic); pappi persistent (fragile), of ± barbellate [plumose] scales (sometimes setiform or aristate) and/or bristles.
Genera ca. 40, species ca. 500 (3 genera, 5 species in the flora): introduced; Old World, especially Eurasia and n Africa; some species widely introduced and established in local floras.
Following A. A. Anderberg (1994) and others, some 180 genera and 2000 species have been segregated from traditionally circumscribed Inuleae as Gnaphalieae, and another 25+ genera and 200+ species as Plucheeae.
SELECTED REFERENCES
Anderberg, A. A. 1994. Tribe Inuleae. In: K. Bremer. 1994. Asteraceae: Cladistics & Classification. Portland. Pp. 273–291. Arriagada, J. E. 1998. The genera of Inuleae (Compositae: Asteraceae) in the southeastern United States. Harvard Pap. Bot. 3: 1–48.
