| 1 |
Culm sheaths persistent |
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(2) |
| + |
Culm sheaths deciduous or gradually deciduous (persistent in C. luzhiensis) |
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(8) |
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| 2 (1) |
Culm sheath blade longer than 1 cm |
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(3) |
| + |
Culm sheath blade shorter than 0.6 cm |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Culm base intranode without root thorns, initially glabrous. |
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1 C. sichuanensis |
| + |
Culm base intranode with root thorns, initially verrucose-setose and pubescent. |
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2 C. leishanensis |
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| 4 (2) |
Culm sheaths shorter than internodes. |
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3 C. pubescens |
| + |
Culm sheaths longer than internodes |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Culm internodes initially glabrous; culm sheaths glabrous or sparsely setose |
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(6) |
| + |
Culm internodes initially white pubescent; culm sheaths densely setose |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Culm 1–1.5(–3) m, only basal culm nodes with roots or root thorns, culms cylindrical. |
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4 C. marmorea |
| + |
Culm taller than 3 m, basal to mid-culm nodes with root thorns, culms slightly 4-angular. |
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5 C. purpurea |
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| 7 (5) |
Leaf sheath ligule ca. 6 mm; leaf blade secondary veins 4- or 5-paired. |
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6 C. damingshanensis |
| + |
Leaf sheath ligule shorter than 1 mm; leaf blade secondary veins 3- or 4-paired. |
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7 C. brevinoda |
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| 8 (1) |
Culm nodes prominently swollen; intranode without root thorns; internodes circular in cross section; culm sheaths deciduous |
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(9) |
| + |
Culm nodes slightly swollen, usually with root thorns at lower nodes, internodes partially 4-angular in cross section |
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(11) |
| |
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| 9 (8) |
Culm internodes 10–15 cm, 0.4–1 cm in diam.; culm white powdery when young. |
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8 C. hsuehiana |
| + |
Culm internodes 15–33 cm, 1–3 cm in diam.; culm glabrous, not white powdery |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Culm internodes (18–)29–33 cm; culm sheaths abaxially glabrous; leaf blades 1.6–5 cm wide, secondary veins 5–8-paired. |
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9 C. macrophylla |
| + |
Culm internodes 15–25 cm; culm sheaths abaxially densely brown setose; leaf blades 0.6–1.2 cm wide, secondary veins 2- or 3(or 4)-paired. |
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10 C. tumidissinoda |
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| 11 (8) |
Culm nodes with well-developed root thorns |
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(12) |
| + |
Culm nodes without root thorns |
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(27) |
| |
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| 12 (11) |
Culm sheaths longer than the corresponding internodes |
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(13) |
| + |
Culm sheaths shorter than corresponding internodes |
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(17) |
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| 13 (12) |
Culm nodes with a tomentose ring; culm sheaths sparsely minutely adnately brown setose. |
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11 C. hirtinoda |
| + |
Culm nodes without a tomentose ring; culm sheaths with erect, swollen-based setae |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Culm sheaths with light green or white stripes, yellow-brown, later becoming fulvous, veinlets distinct, purple. |
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12 C. lactistriata |
| + |
Culm sheaths without stripes |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Culm node sheath scar rings glabrous; culm sheaths leathery, glabrous or sparsely hairy near base. |
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13 C. paucispinosa |
| + |
Culm node sheath scar rings brown tomentose; culm sheaths thickly papery, setose |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Culm sheaths persistently brown verrucose; leaf blade lateral veins 4- or 5-paired; oral setae well developed. |
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14 C. armata |
| + |
Culm sheaths persistently black verrucose; leaf blade lateral veins 6–9-paired; oral setae sparse, deciduous. |
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15 C. tuberculata |
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| 17 (12) |
Leaf blades 1 per ultimate branchlet, with closed sheaths. |
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16 C. hejiangensis |
| + |
Leaf blades 2–5 per ultimate branchlet, with open sheaths |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Culm sheath blade conspicuous, linear-lanceolate, 11–20 mm. |
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17 C. convoluta |
| + |
Culm sheath blade minute, subulate, less than 8 mm |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Young culm internodes and culm sheaths glabrous. |
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18 C. szechuanensis |
| + |
Young culm internodes tuberculate and hispid, particularly on upper part of culm; culm sheaths glabrous or setose |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Culm sheaths pale yellow spotted |
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(21) |
| + |
Culm sheaths not spotted |
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(23) |
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| 21 (20) |
Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate to linear, 0.5–1.2 cm wide; culm sheaths with purplish transverse veins. |
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19 C. angustifolia |
| + |
Leaf blades lanceolate, 1.1–2.1 cm wide |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Culm internodes persistently densely white pubescent; sheath scar persistently hairy; leaf blade abaxially glaucous |
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20 C. utilis |
| + |
Culm internodes initially brown hispid, becoming glabrous; sheath scar brown tomentose, becoming glabrous; leaf blade abaxially dark green. |
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21 C. pachystachys |
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| 23 (20) |
Culm nodes with sheath scars prominent, densely retrorsely brown setose, bristles ca. 1 mm, supra-nodal ridge strongly prominent. |
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22 C. metuoensis |
| + |
Culm nodes with glabrous sheath scars |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Culm sheaths glabrous or sparsely hispid |
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(25) |
| + |
Culm sheaths densely bristly |
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(26) |
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| 25 (24) |
Culm sheaths with conspicuous purplish transverse veins; basal culm internodes 4-angled. |
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23 C. quadrangularis |
| + |
Culm sheaths with obscure transverse veins; basal culm internodes cylindrical. |
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24 C. microfloscula |
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| 26 (24) |
Culms to 14 m; basal culm internodes slightly 4-angled; culm sheath blade not articulate; leaves 20–23 × 1.5–2 cm. |
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25 C. ningnanica |
| + |
Culms to 4 m; basal culm internodes cylindrical; culm sheath blade articulate, deciduous; leaves 30–35 × ca. 2.5 cm. |
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26 C. grandifolia |
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| 27 (11) |
Leaf sheath oral setae absent |
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(28) |
| + |
Leaf sheath oral setae numerous, erect |
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(31) |
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| 28 (27) |
Culm sheaths gradually deciduous; brown verrucose-setose; culm internodes nearly solid. |
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27 C. verruculosa |
| + |
Culm sheaths soon deciduous; glabrous or sparsely setose; culm internodes hollow |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Culms 1–1.6 m, to 0.5 cm in diam.; nodal sheath scars initially densely yellow-brown setose; intranode initially gray or slightly yellow waxy. |
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28 C. unifolia |
| + |
Culms 2–7 m, 1–5.5 cm in diam.; nodal sheath scars nearly glabrous; intranode not waxy |
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(30) |
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| 30 (29) |
Branches 3 per node; leaves 1–3 per ultimate branch; leaf blade abaxially glabrous, secondary veins 3- or 4-paired; new shoots Sep. |
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29 C. rigidula |
| + |
Branches 2 or 3 per node; leaves 1 per ultimate branch; leaf blade abaxially slightly pubescent; secondary veins 4- or 5-paired; new shoots Apr–May. |
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30 C. opienensis |
| |
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| 31 (27) |
Culm sheath marginally brown hirsute |
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(32) |
| + |
Culm sheath marginally glabrous or gray ciliate |
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(33) |
| |
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| 32 (31) |
Culm internodes glabrous; culm sheaths persistent. |
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31 C. luzhiensis |
| + |
Culm internodes puberulous when young, especially below nodes; culm sheaths gradually deciduous |
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32 C. puberula |
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| 33 (31) |
Culms 3–7 m; supra-nodal ridge nearly flat at nodes without branches; culm sheaths glabrous. |
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33 C. communis |
| + |
Culms 1.5–2.8 m; supra-nodal ridge distinctly raised on all nodes; culm sheaths yellow-brown setose at base, margins gray ciliate. |
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34 C. montigena |
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| 34 |
Culm sheaths persistent; culm internodes glabrous. |
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31 C. luzhiensis |
| + |
Culm sheaths deciduous; culm internodes puberulous or glabrous |
|
(35) |
| |
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| 35 (34) |
Culm internodes puberulous when young, especially below node; culm sheaths brown setose |
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32 C. puberula |
| + |
Culm internodes glabrous; culm sheaths glabrous or subglabrous |
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(36) |
| |
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| 36 (35) |
Culms 3–7 m; 1–3 cm in diam.; supra-nodal ridge only raised on nodes with branches; culm sheaths glabrous. |
|
33 C. communis |
| + |
Culms 1.5–2.8 m; 0.7–1.4 cm in diam.; supra-nodal ridge distinctly raised on every node; culm sheaths yellow-brown setose at base. |
|
34 C. montigena |
