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3. Cyrtomium C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 86. 1836.
贯众属 guan zhong shu
Authors: Li-Bing Zhang & David S. Barrington
Amblia C. Presl; Cyrtomium sect. Amblia (C. Presl) T. Moore.
Plants terrestrial, perennial, evergreen. Rhizome erect or ascending, short, (together with basal stipe) densely covered with scales; scales concolorous or bicolorous, dark brown to blackish brown, ovate or broadly lanceolate, margins ciliate, fimbriate, toothed, or entire, apex acute or acuminate. Fronds 2-6 per rhizome, caespitose, monomorphic; stipe stramineous or brownish stramineous, canaliculate adaxially, scaly, scales similar to those on rhizome; distal stipe scales sparser, similar to but smaller than basal stipe scales. Lamina linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, broadly lanceolate, or deltoid-ovate, imparipinnate, apex with apical pinna somewhat dissected at base, rarely simple; rachis sulcate adaxially, without proliferous bulbils, scaly, scales smaller than distal stipe scales. Pinnae lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, falcate, or ovate, acroscopic base or both acroscopic and basiscopic bases auriculate (sometimes auricles indistinct), margins entire or toothed; texture papery or leathery, rarely thinly papery, with or without lanceolate or linear microscales abaxially, glabrous adaxially; venation reticulate, with 2-8 rows of oblique-polygonal areoles on each side of midrib, each areole with 1-3 free included veinlets. Sori orbicular, terminal on included veinlets, in 1 to a few rows on each side of midrib, indusiate; indusia peltate, orbicular.
About 35 species: mainly distributed in E Asia with its center of diversity in SW China; one species occurs in S India and two in E, S, and W Africa and Madagascar; one species is endemic to Japan; one species occurs in Asia and reaches Hawaii; one species is introduced but locally naturalized in South Africa, Europe, Hawaii, Réunion, and North America; 31 species (21 endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Lamina leathery; pinna margins thickened, flat or sometimes repand |
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(2) |
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Lamina papery, rarely subleathery or membranous; pinna margins flat, not thickened |
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(12) |
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| 2 (1) |
Terminal pinna pinnatifid and acuminate; lateral pinnae 18-22 pairs. |
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11 C. chingianum |
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Terminal pinna simple, with 1 or 2 lobes or without lobes; lamina simple or with lateral pinnae 1-26 pairs |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Lateral pinnae cordate at base |
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(4) |
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Lateral pinnae rounded-cuneate, broadly cuneate, or truncate at base |
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(8) |
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| 4 (3) |
Lateral pinnae usually shorter than 3 cm, ovate or rarely deltoid-lanceolate. |
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1 C. nephrolepioides |
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Lateral pinnae usually longer than 6 cm, oblong-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, deltoid-ovate, or ovate |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Stipe scales ovate, margins fimbriate |
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(6) |
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Stipe scales lanceolate, margins with ciliate teeth |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Lamina 18-24 cm; lateral pinnae 6-7 cm, acuminate; areoles 2 or 3 rows on each side of midrib; indusia entire. |
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2 C. shingianum |
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Lamina ca. 42 cm; lateral pinnae 12-14 cm, acute; areoles 7-9 rows on each side of midrib; indusia toothed. |
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3 C. guizhouense |
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| 7 (5) |
Lamina deltoid or ovate, simple or rarely with 2 or more lobes or 2 or more free lateral pinnae; venation palmate or ternate. |
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4 C. hemionitis |
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Lamina oblong or triangular, imparipinnate, lateral pinnae 1-5 pairs; venation pinnate. |
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5 C. pachyphyllum |
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| 8 (3) |
Pinnae acuminate or caudate at apex |
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(9) |
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Pinnae obtuse or rounded at apex |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Lateral pinnae lanceolate without acroscopic auricles; terminal pinna entire or lobed; indusia entire; stipe scales bicolorous, with dark brown centers and pale brown margins. |
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9 C. devexiscapulae |
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Lateral pinnae obliquely ovate or ovate-lanceolate and with conspicuous acroscopic auricles; terminal pinna forked or trifurcate; indusia incised; stipe scales concolorous, pale brown. |
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10 C. falcatum |
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| 10 (8) |
Two sides of midrib and base of lateral pinnae nearly equilateral; lateral pinnae 1-6 pairs. |
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6 C. grossum |
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Two sides of midrib of lateral pinnae obviously inequilateral, base of lateral pinnae oblique and subtruncate; lateral pinnae 1-21 pairs, apex acute or obtuse |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Lamina 3-7 cm, acute; lateral pinnae 1-4 pairs, obliquely broadly ovate or obliquely flabellate, length subequal to width. |
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7 C. sinningense |
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Lamina 13-35 cm, acuminate; lateral pinnae 12-21 pairs, ovate, ca. 2 ?as long as wide. |
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8 C. obliquum |
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| 12 (1) |
Lateral pinnae with coarse teeth on margin |
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(13) |
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Lateral pinnae with only small teeth or sometimes subentire on margin |
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(19) |
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| 13 (12) |
Acroscopic base of lateral pinnae ?auriculate |
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(14) |
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Acroscopic base of lateral pinnae not auriculate |
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(15) |
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| 14 (13) |
Auricles of lateral pinnae small and blunt or semicircular; indusia entire on margin. |
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25 C. tsinglingense |
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Auricles of lateral pinnae long and acute apically, deltoid; indusia irregularly dentate on margin. |
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26 C. caryotideum |
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| 15 (13) |
Lateral pinnae lanceolate |
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(16) |
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Lateral pinnae ovate, oblong-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate |
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(17) |
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| 16 (15) |
Stipe 22-36 cm; base of pinnae nearly equilateral, cuneate; indusia toothed on margin. |
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30 C. aequibasis |
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Stipe 40-55 cm; base of pinnae inequilateral, rounded-cuneate and with acroscopic side ?decurrent; indusia entire on margin. |
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31 C. yunnanense |
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| 17 (15) |
Leaves membranous; indusia denticulate on margin. |
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27 C. membranifolium |
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Leaves papery; indusia entire on margin |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Lamina acute; lateral pinnae 8-13 pairs, ovate. |
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28 C. serratum |
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Lamina obtuse; lateral pinnae 3-6 pairs, broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. |
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29 C. anomophyllum |
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| 19 (12) |
Lateral pinnae inequilateral |
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(20) |
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Lateral pinnae nearly equilateral |
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(25) |
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| 20 (19) |
Acroscopic margins of lateral pinnae cuneate, basiscopic margins broadly cuneate. |
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24 C. conforme |
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Acroscopic margins of lateral pinnae subtruncate, basiscopic margins cuneate, broadly cuneate, or rounded-cuneate |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Lateral pinnae obliquely ovate, rarely broadly lanceolate. |
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20 C. latifalcatum |
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Lateral pinnae lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Lateral pinnae usually shorter than 4 cm and narrower than 1.5 cm; acroscopic base obviously auriculate, auricles deltoid; basiscopic base cuneate. |
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12 C. lonchitoides |
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Lateral pinnae up to 8-12 cm and 2.6 cm wide or wider; acroscopic base slightly or obviously auriculate; basiscopic base rounded or cuneate |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Lateral pinnae usually shorter than 8 cm; acroscopic base slightly auriculate, auricles blunt. |
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21 C. fortunei |
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Lateral pinnae 8-12 cm; acroscopic base obviously auriculate, auricles semicircular or deltoid |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Lamina obtuse; lateral pinnae 4-14 pairs, distant; indusia incised or toothed. |
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22 C. yamamotoi |
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Lamina acute; lateral pinnae 20-22 pairs, contiguous; indusia entire. |
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23 C. confertifolium |
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| 25 (19) |
Lateral pinnae ovate or basal 1 or 2 pairs ovate |
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(26) |
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Lateral pinnae broadly lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate |
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(28) |
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| 26 (25) |
Indusia toothed on margin. |
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15 C. tukusicola |
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Indusia entire on margin |
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(27) |
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| 27 (26) |
Pinnae 2-6 pairs, 10-18 ?5-8 cm, ovate at base. |
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13 C. macrophyllum |
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Pinnae more than 7 pairs, < 10 ?8 cm, rounded-cuneate to cuneate at base. |
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14 C. muticum |
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| 28 (25) |
Lateral pinnae broadly lanceolate, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, base broadly cuneate to cuneate; both surfaces flat, without obvious apophyses (swellings on which sori are located) |
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(29) |
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Lateral pinnae lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, base cuneate; abaxial surface with pits containing sori or with obvious apophyses |
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(30) |
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| 29 (28) |
Lateral pinnae 4-9 pairs; basal pinnae not contracted; pinna margins entire or distal portion with small teeth; terminal pinna forked or trifurcate, 10-13 ?6-10 cm; indusia grayish brown in center, entire or toothed on margin; areoles 7 or 8 rows on each side of midrib. |
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17 C. omeiense |
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Lateral pinnae 15-20 pairs; basal 2 pairs of pinnae contracted toward lamina base; pinna margins with small teeth; terminal pinna entire or lobed, 5-8 ?.8-2.5 cm; indusia dark brown in center, lacerate on margin; areoles 5 or 6 rows on each side of midrib. |
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16 C. atropunctatum |
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| 30 (28) |
Lateral pinnae 8-13 pairs; terminal pinna obovate, ovate, or rhombic; sori contained in pits on abaxial surface of pinnae, without obvious apophyses; indusia flat or concave at middle. |
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18 C. urophyllum |
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Lateral pinnae 6 or 7 pairs; terminal pinna oblong; sori on obvious apophyses; indusia raised and caplike at middle. |
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19 C. taiwanianum |
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List of lower taxa
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