|
| 1 |
Margin of leaf blade usually spinose, if not, then with 1 spine at apex |
|
(2) |
| + |
Margin of mature leaf blade never spinose |
|
(18) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Pyrenes 4, abaxially sulcate or ridged, irregularly rugose and pitted, endocarp bony, rarely stony, or woody |
|
(3) |
| + |
Pyrenes 2 or 4, rarely 1 or 3, abaxially striate and sulcate, rarely only striate, endocarp woody, rarely stony or leathery |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade thickly leathery, quadrangular-oblong, margin with 1 or 2 spines per side, apex with 1 strong spine; fruiting pedicel 1.3-1.4 cm. |
|
54 I. cornuta |
| + |
Leaf blade thinly to thickly leathery, not quadrangular, margin 3-10 spines per side; fruiting pedicel 2-8 mm |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (3) |
Leaf blade thinly to thickly leathery, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 6-12.5 cm, margin sharply serrate; male cymes 3-flowered; fruit 8-12 mm in diam., persistent stigma thickly discoid or nearly mammilliform. |
|
55 I. hylonoma |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-9 cm, margin spinose-dentate or spinulose-serrate in 3-10 pairs; male cymes 1-flowered; fruit 6-8 mm in diam., persistent stigma navel-shaped or thinly discoid |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 4-9 × 1.5-2.8 cm, apex acuminate, spinose, margin spinose-dentate in 3-10 pairs; fruiting pedicel ca. 2 mm, fruit globose, 6-7 mm in diam., persistent stigma thinly discoid; pyrenes abaxially longitudinally 1-ridged. |
|
56 I. centrochinensis |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 3-6 × 1.5-3 cm, apex acute, without spine, margin sparsely spinulose-serrate in 4-7 pairs; fruiting pedicel 4-8 mm, fruit globose, 7-8 mm in diam., persistent stigma navel-shaped or discoid; pyrenes abaxially not longitudinally 1-ridged. |
|
57 I. zhejiangensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (2) |
Prostrate shrubs, 20-30 cm tall; leaf blade hexangular-subrhombic, 1-3.2 × 0.7-1.5 cm, shiny, rugose adaxially; pyrene 1, abaxially palmately striate, not sulcate. |
|
58 I. perryana |
| + |
Erect shrubs or trees; leaf blade not hexangular-subrhombic, not rugose adaxially; pyrenes 2 or 4, rarely 1 or 3, abaxially striate and sulcate, rarely only striate |
|
(7) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Trees, rarely shrubs |
|
(8) |
| + |
Shrubs or small trees |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (7) |
Pyrenes (1 or)2(-4), oblong-ellipsoidal or subglobose; leaf blade elliptic-oblong, elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 4-10 cm, margin with 3-14 pairs of spines. |
|
68 I. dipyrena |
| + |
Pyrenes 3 or 4, ovoid-ellipsoidal, oblong, or ovoid; leaf blade oblong, ovate-oblong, ovate, or elliptic, 3.5-8 cm, margin with 2-8 pairs of spines |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Pyrenes 3, ovoid-ellipsoidal, ca. 5 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam.; leaf blade ovate-oblong, ovate, or elliptic, 5.5-8 cm, base subrounded or obtuse, margin with 4-8 pairs of spines, petiole 5-8 mm. |
|
69 I. dabieshanensis |
| + |
Pyrenes 4, oblong or ovoid, 6-8 mm, 4-5 mm in diam.; leaf blade oblong or ovate-oblong, 3.5-7 cm, base truncate or subcordate, margin with 2-5 pairs of large spines, petiole ca. 2 mm. |
|
70 I. chengkouensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (7) |
Pyrenes 1 or 2 |
|
(11) |
| + |
Pyrenes 4 |
|
(14) |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (10) |
Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 7-8 × 2-2.5 cm, margin entire; fruit globose, 8-12 mm in diam., pyrenes 1 or 2, oblong, ca. 8 mm, ca. 5.5 mm in diam., striate and sulcate. |
|
64 I. synpyrena |
| + |
Leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate to rhombic, elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 1.8-5.5 × 0.7-2.5 cm, apex and margin spinose-serrate; fruit obovoid-ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal, 3-7 mm in diam., pyrenes often 2, abaxially palmately striate and sulcate |
|
(12) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Leaf blade lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; fruit obovoid-ellipsoidal. |
|
65 I. georgei |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate to rhombic, or elliptic or ovate-elliptic; fruit ellipsoidal |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (12) |
Leaf blade ovate to rhombic, apex acuminate, with spine ca. 3 mm, margin with 3 or 4 pairs of strong spines; pyrenes 2, ovoid or subglobose, 5-6 mm, 4-5 mm in diam.. |
|
66 I. bioritsensis |
| + |
Leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, apex shortly acuminate or acute, with a weak spine, margin with 4-6 pairs of thin spines; pyrenes (1 or)2(or 3), obovoid, ca. 5 mm, ca. 3.5 mm in diam.. |
|
67 I. ciliospinosa |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (10) |
Leaf blade thinly leathery, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, or narrowly oblong, 4.5-6 × 2-2.5 cm, petiole 3-9 mm; endocarp stony. |
|
59 I. wugongshanensis |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery, elliptic, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-6.5 × 0.5-3 cm, petiole 1-4 mm; endocarp woody |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Leaf blade elliptic, 1.5-3 × 0.7-1.5 cm, base acute, lateral veins adaxially impressed; branchlets and petioles glabrous; pyrenes abaxially palmately striate, not sulcate. |
|
60 I. miguensis |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base truncate, rounded, or obtuse, lateral veins adaxially not impressed; branchlets and petioles pubescent; pyrenes abaxially striate and sulcate, or striate but not sulcate |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (15) |
Leaf blade basally obtuse, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, adaxially obscure, petiole 3-4 mm; fruit globose, 5-5.5 mm in diam., persistent stigma mammilliform. |
|
61 I. euryoides |
| + |
Leaf blade basally truncate or rounded, lateral veins 1-5 pairs, adaxially evident or obscure, petiole 1-2 mm; fruit depressed globose or globose, 7-8 mm in diam., persistent stigma discoid or navel-shaped |
|
(17) |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (16) |
Leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm, margin with 1-3 pairs of spines, lateral veins 1-3 pairs, adaxially obscure; pyrenes obovoid or oblong, abaxially palmately striate and sulcate. |
|
62 I. pernyi |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate, 3-6.5 cm, margin with 3-7 pairs of spines, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, adaxially evident; pyrenes subglobose, abaxially palmately striate, not sulcate. |
|
63 I. wenchowensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (1) |
Fruit (3-)6-12(-26) mm in diam., persistent stigma thinly discoid or discoid, rarely thickly discoid, sometimes navel-shaped; pyrenes irregularly rugose and/or pitted, rarely not rugose or pitted, usually abaxially striate and sulcate, rarely only striate or only sulcate, endocarp stony or woody, rarely bony, leathery or subwoody |
|
(19) |
| + |
Fruit (3-)4-6(-8) mm in diam., persistent stigma thinly to thickly discoid, rarely capitate, navel-shaped, or mammilliform; pyrenes sometimes irregularly rugose and/or pitted, usually not rugose or pitted, usually abaxially striate and sulcate, sometimes only striate, endocarp usually stony, sometimes woody, rarely bony or leathery |
|
(40) |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (18) |
Ovary and/or fruit pubescent |
|
(20) |
| + |
Ovary and/or fruit glabrous |
|
(22) |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (19) |
Fruit ovoid-globose, ca. 10 mm, ca. 8 mm in diam., persistent stigma thickly discoid; leaf blade obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7.5-10 cm, apex abruptly acuminate, base cuneate. |
|
71 I. trichocarpa |
| + |
Fruit globose or depressed globose, 5-11 mm, 7-12 mm in diam., persistent stigma navel-shaped or thinly discoid; leaf blade oblong to oblong-elliptic or elliptic, apex acute or shortly acuminate, base cuneate, obtuse, or rounded |
|
(21) |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (20) |
Fruit globose, 9-12 mm in diam., persistent stigma navel-shaped; leaf blade oblong to oblong-elliptic, 10-18 × 4.5-7.5 cm, lateral veins 14 or 15 pairs, and reticulate veins evident on both surfaces, petiole 2-2.2 cm. |
|
72 I. kaushue |
| + |
Fruit depressed globose, 7-8 mm in diam., persistent stigma thinly discoid; leaf blade elliptic, rarely ovate-elliptic or lanceolate, 3-7 × 1.5-2.5 cm, lateral veins 6-8 pairs, and reticulate veins indistinct on both surfaces, petiole 3-6 mm. |
|
73 I. pubilimba |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (19) |
Leaf blade 8-36 × 4.5-13 cm |
|
(23) |
| + |
Leaf blade usually shorter than 11 cm, sometimes longer than 11 cm, usually less than 5 cm wide, rarely to 7.5 cm wide |
|
(24) |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (22) |
Large trees, to 20 m tall; leaf blade oblong or ovate-oblong, 8-19(-28) × 4.5-7.5(-9) cm, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate, base rounded or broadly cuneate; flowers yellowish green; fruit globose, ca. 7 mm in diam., pyrenes oblong-ellipsoidal, ca. 5 mm, abaxially longitudinally ridged. |
|
74 I. latifolia |
| + |
Shrub or small trees; leaf blade elliptic or oblong, (20-)30-36 × (8-)9-13 cm, apex acuminate or falcate-acuminate, base obtuse or broadly cuneate; flowers purple-red; fruit subglobose, ca. 8 mm in diam., pyrenes ellipsoidal, ca. 6 mm, abaxially longitudinally deeply sulcate. |
|
75 I. perlata |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (22) |
Branchlets, petioles, and fruiting pedicels glabrous, rarely fruiting pedicels puberulent, pubescent, or glabrescent or petioles puberulent (I. chingiana var. puberula) |
|
(25) |
| + |
Current year’s branchlets pubescent to glabrescent, not glabrous; petiole rarely glabrous; female flowers or fruit pedicel pubescent to glabrescent |
|
(35) |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (24) |
Fruit 11-26 mm in diam.; leaf blade thickly leathery, oblong, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or oblanceolate, 11-15 × 4-5.2 cm. |
|
76 I. chingiana |
| + |
Fruit rarely more than 12 mm in diam.; leaf blade usually leathery, rarely thickly leathery, or subleathery, ovate, obovate, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong-, obovate-, or lanceolate-elliptic, usually shorter than 11 cm and less than 4 cm wide |
|
(26) |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (25) |
Shrub or small trees |
|
(27) |
| + |
Medium-sized trees, 7-20 m tall |
|
(29) |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (26) |
Shrubs; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 7-8.5 × 2-2.5 cm, margin sparsely crenate-serrate. |
|
77 I. yangchunensis |
| + |
Small trees; leaf blade elliptic, obovate, or obovate-elliptic, margin entire |
|
(28) |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (27) |
Leaf blade elliptic, apex shortly acuminate or obtuse, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, petiole 4-7 mm; fruit ca. 5 mm in diam., pyrenes oblong-obovoid, ca. 3 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam., abaxially palmately striate, not sulcate. |
|
78 I. suzukii |
| + |
Leaf blade obovate or obovate-elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, apex obtuse-rounded, lateral veins 6-9 pairs, petiole 10-15 mm; fruit 10-12 mm in diam., pyrenes broadly ellipsoidal, ca. 7 mm, ca. 4 mm in diam., abaxially irregularly rugose, pitted and striate. |
|
79 I. integra |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (26) |
Fruit globose, 10-15 mm in diam., densely tuberculate, or glandular punctate |
|
(30) |
| + |
Fruit oblong, obovoid-oblong, depressed globose, or globose, less than 9 mm in diam., not tuberculate or punctate |
|
(32) |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (29) |
Leaf blade lanceolate-elliptic, base acute to attenuate, lateral veins 7-9 pairs; fruit 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., pyrenes 6. |
|
82 I. chengbuensis |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate or obovate to elliptic, base obtuse or cuneate, rarely rounded, lateral veins 6-8, 10, or 11 pairs; fruit 1-1.2 cm in diam., pyrenes 4 |
|
(31) |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 (30) |
Leaf blade obovate-elliptic or elliptic, abaxially brown glandular punctate; fruit glandular punctate, pyrenes oblong, abaxially broadly sulcate, irregularly rugose and pitted. |
|
80 I. tenuis |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate or oblong-elliptic, abaxially not glandular punctate; fruit densely tuberculate, pyrenes ovoid-ellipsoidal, irregularly rugose and pitted, not sulcate abaxially. |
|
81 I. subficoidea |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (29) |
Fruit oblong or obovoid-oblong, 4-4.5 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., pyrenes oblong-ellipsoidal, ca. 3.5 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam.. |
|
83 I. guangxica |
| + |
Fruit globose or depressed globose, 3-8 mm in diam., pyrenes ellipsoid, ovoid-globose, oblong, obovoid, or oblong-ellipsoid, 3-6 mm |
|
(33) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Fruit globose or depressed globose, 6-7 mm in diam., persistent stigma navel-shaped, pyrenes oblong or ellipsoid. |
|
84 I. denticulata |
| + |
Fruit globose, persistent stigma discoid, pyrenes oblong-ellipsoid, ovoid-globose, or obovoid |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (33) |
Fruit 6-8 mm in diam., pyrenes oblong-ellipsoid or ovoid-globose, 5-6 mm, abaxially striate and sulcate; current year’s branchlets stout, longitudinally sharply angular; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or elliptic, 7.5-20 × 3-7.5 cm. |
|
85 I. pentagona |
| + |
Fruit 3-6 mm in diam., pyrenes obovoid, 3-4 mm, throughout striate and irregularly rugose and sulcate, or abaxially 1-sulcate, nearly smooth and laterally striate-rugose; branchlets slender, longitudinally ridged; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 2.5-8 × 1-3 cm. |
|
86 I. tsangii |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (24) |
Shrubs, ca. 2 m tall; leaf blade abaxially glandular punctate, lateral veins obscure on both surfaces. |
|
87 I. occulta |
| + |
Trees, 6-25 m tall; leaf blade abaxially usually not glandular punctate, lateral veins abaxially evident |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (35) |
Trees, 20-25 m tall; leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic; male inflorescences 1-flowered cymes, fasciculate |
|
(37) |
| + |
Small trees, 6-9 m tall; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, elliptic, obovate, obovate-lanceolate, oblong-elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic; male inflorescences 3-flowered cymes, fasciculate |
|
(38) |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (36) |
Branchlets densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic, rarely lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, apex shortly acuminate, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs and reticulate veins obscure adaxially; fruit subglobose, persistent stigma discoid, endocarp woody. |
|
88 I. nanningensis |
| + |
Young branchlets puberulent or glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic, apex abruptly shortly acuminate, lateral veins 8 or 9 pairs and reticulate veins raised on both surfaces; fruit globose, persistent stigma navel-shaped, endocarp stony. |
|
89 I. uraiensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (36) |
Branchlets and petioles densely puberulent, leaf midvein puberulent adaxially. |
|
90 I. ningdeensis |
| + |
Young branchlets pubescent to glabrescent, leaf midvein adaxially slightly pubescent or glabrous, petioles glabrous or minutely or sparsely puberulent |
|
(39) |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 (38) |
Fruit ca. 10 mm in diam., persistent stigma navel-shaped, pyrenes broadly ellipsoidal, 6-7 mm, abaxially palmately striate and sulcate; leaf blade 8-13.5 × 3-4.5 cm, apex shortly acuminate, margin undulate-crenulate. |
|
91 I. nuculicava |
| + |
Fruit 5-6 mm in diam., persistent stigma thinly discoid, flat, pyrenes subglobose, ca. 4 mm, rugose and irregularly striate and sulcate; leaf blade 2-7.5 × 1.5-3.5 cm, apex retuse, margin subentire or sparsely minutely serrate. |
|
92 I. graciliflora |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (18) |
Leaf blade usually subleathery, rarely thinly or thickly leathery, leathery, or papery, lateral veins adaxially usually impressed, rarely raised or flat; fruiting pedicel (2-)4-7(-10) mm |
|
(41) |
| + |
Leaf blade usually leathery, sometimes thinly leathery or papery, rarely thickly leathery, or subleathery, lateral veins adaxially obscure, flat (including evident ones), or slightly raised to raised, rarely slightly impressed; fruiting pedicel (1-)2-4(-8) mm |
|
(50) |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (40) |
Branchlets verrucose, verruculose, corky verruculose, or tuberculate; leaf blade 0.5-5 cm, rarely 7.5-9 cm |
|
(42) |
| + |
Branchlets not tuberculate; leaf blade 5-15.5 cm, rarely only 2-3 cm |
|
(45) |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (41) |
Prostrate shrubs; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, 0.5-2 × 0.3-0.9 cm, petiole 1-2 mm. |
|
93 I. intricata |
| + |
Erect shrubs or trees; leaf blade usually broadly elliptic, oblong-ovate, or ovate, rarely elliptic-lanceolate, obovate-elliptic, linear-lanceolate, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-elliptic, petiole 4-20 mm |
|
(43) |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (42) |
Fruit 3-3.5 mm in diam.; leaf blade papery, broadly elliptic, rarely broadly obovate or broadly ovate, 0.5-1.7 × 0.5-1.2 cm, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, petiole 4-5 mm. |
|
94 I. nothofagifolia |
| + |
Fruit 4-5 mm in diam.; leaf blade leathery or subleathery, ovate-oblong, ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, obovate-elliptic, linear-lanceolate, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-elliptic, (2-)4-9 × (0.7-)1-5.5 cm, lateral veins 5-18 pairs, petiole (0.5-)1-2 cm |
|
(44) |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (43) |
Pyrenes puberulent, fruit ca. 4 mm in diam.; leaf blade leathery, ovate-oblong or ovate, 7.5-9 × 4-5.5 cm, lateral veins 17 or 18 pairs, petiole 1.5-2 cm. |
|
95 I. liana |
| + |
Pyrenes glabrous, fruit ca. 5 mm in diam.; leaf blade subleathery, elliptic-lanceolate, obovate-elliptic, linear-lanceolate, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-elliptic, (2-)4-5(-8) × (0.7-)1-2(-2.5) cm, lateral veins 5-7 pairs, petiole (0.5-)1-1.5 cm. |
|
96 I. delavayi |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (41) |
Small shrubs, ca. 1 m tall; leaf blade 2-3 × 0.7-1 cm, lateral veins 4 pairs, petiole 2-3 mm. |
|
97 I. xizangensis |
| + |
Trees, rarely shrubs, (2-)5-18 m tall; leaf blade 5-15.5 × 1.5-5.5 cm, lateral veins 8-15 pairs, petiole 0.8-5 cm |
|
(46) |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (45) |
Terminal buds 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblanceolate |
|
(47) |
| + |
Terminal buds shorter than 1 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate, linear-oblanceolate, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, rarely obovate, linear-lanceolate, linear, or elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate |
|
(48) |
| |
|
|
|
| 47 (46) |
Terminal buds ellipsoidal-conical, ca. 1.5 cm, bud scales glabrous, margin serrate; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 5-14 × 2-4.5 cm; male inflorescences 1-3-flowered cymes, fasciculate; pyrenes pilose. |
|
98 I. hookeri |
| + |
Terminal buds ovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm, bud scales abaxially densely puberulent, margin entire; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblanceolate, 10-15.5 × 3-5.5 cm; male inflorescences 3-7-flowered cymes, fasciculate; pyrenes glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
|
99 I. sikkimensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 48 (46) |
Infructescence a 1-fruited cyme, pseudoracemose, fruiting pedicel equaling diam. of fruit, puberulent. |
|
100 I. melanotricha |
| + |
Infructescence a 1-fruited cyme, fasciculate, fruiting pedicel shorter to longer than diam. of fruit, glabrous |
|
(49) |
| |
|
|
|
| 49 (48) |
Male flowers: petals oblong, not ciliate; leaf blade usually oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6-12.5 × 2-4.2 cm, margin serrulate. |
|
101 I. franchetiana |
| + |
Male flowers: petals obovate-oblong, ciliate; leaf blade usually oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 5-13 × 1.5-2.5 cm, margin proximally entire, distally sparsely serrulate. |
|
102 I. fargesii |
| |
|
|
|
| 50 (40) |
Young branchlets and petioles pubescent or puberulent, rarely young branchlets glabrescent or glabrous |
|
(51) |
| + |
Young branchlets glabrous, rarely puberulent or glabrescent, petiole glabrous, rarely puberulent or pubescent |
|
(62) |
| |
|
|
|
| 51 (50) |
Ovary and fruit pubescent or puberulent |
|
(52) |
| + |
Ovary and fruit glabrous, rarely puberulent |
|
(54) |
| |
|
|
|
| 52 (51) |
Small trees; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, apex abruptly caudate-acuminate, acumen 1-1.5 cm. |
|
103 I. gracilis |
| + |
Shrubs; leaf blade oblong, oblong-elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, apex acuminate or shortly acuminate |
|
(53) |
| |
|
|
|
| 53 (52) |
Infructescences: 1-fruited cymes, pseudoracemose, axillary on current year’s branchlets, axis 2-5 mm; fruiting pedicels ca. 2 mm; bracteoles ovate; leaf blade papery, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 5-9 cm. |
|
104 I. dasyclada |
| + |
Infructescences: 1-fruited cymes, fasciculate, axillary on second year’s branchlets; fruiting pedicels 2-3 mm; bracteoles lanceolate; leaf blade leathery, ovate-elliptic, 4-7 cm. |
|
105 I. wangiana |
| |
|
|
|
| 54 (51) |
Leaf blade papery, rarely thinly leathery |
|
(55) |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery, rarely thinly leathery or subleathery |
|
(57) |
| |
|
|
|
| 55 (54) |
Leaf blade papery or thinly leathery, apex abruptly acuminate, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs, petiole 10-15 mm. |
|
108 I. chartaceifolia |
| + |
Leaf blade papery, apex shortly to long acuminate, lateral veins 9 or 10 pairs, petiole 6-10 mm |
|
(56) |
| |
|
|
|
| 56 (55) |
Leaf blade oblong or elliptic, 8-10 × 3-4 cm, abaxially minutely glandular punctate, margin minutely crenulate-serrate. |
|
106 I. dicarpa |
| + |
Leaf blade broadly lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblong, 7-9 × 2-3.2 cm, abaxially not glandular punctate, margin sparsely undulate-serrulate. |
|
107 I. nubicola |
| |
|
|
|
| 57 (54) |
Ovary or fruit tuberculate |
|
(58) |
| + |
Ovary and fruit not tuberculate |
|
(60) |
| |
|
|
|
| 58 (57) |
Fruiting pedicel ca. 2.5 mm, fruit globose or subglobose, persistent stigma discoid; leaf blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, 4-8 cm, margin irregularly sparsely and shallowly serrate. |
|
109 I. buergeri |
| + |
Fruiting pedicel 3-6 mm, fruit ellipsoidal or subglobose-ellipsoidal, persistent stigma thickly discoid; leaf blade oblong, oblong-elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, margin sparsely crenulate, coarsely sharply serrate, sparsely serrulate, or subentire |
|
(59) |
| |
|
|
|
| 59 (58) |
Male inflorescences 1(-3)-flowered cymes, fasciculate; leaf blade oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, midvein impressed adaxially, lateral veins 5-8 pairs, margin sparsely crenulate or coarsely sharply serrate. |
|
110 I. subrugosa |
| + |
Male inflorescences 1-3-flowered cymes, fasciculate; leaf blade oblong, elliptic-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, midvein raised or subflat adaxially, lateral veins 7-9 pairs, margin sparsely serrulate or subentire. |
|
111 I. austrosinensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 60 (57) |
Leaf blade usually lanceolate, 9-15 mm wide, margin bluntly crenulate-serrate; pyrenes abaxially palmately striate, endocarp woody. |
|
112 I. chuniana |
| + |
Leaf blade oblong or oblong-elliptic, 1.3-3.2 cm wide, margin entire or inconspicuously serrulate or crenulate-serrate; pyrenes stony or woody |
|
(61) |
| |
|
|
|
| 61 (60) |
Fruit globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., pyrenes oblong, 4-4.5 mm, 2-2.5 mm in diam., abaxially longitudinally 1-sulcate, palmately striate and sulcate, laterally rugose and pitted, endocarp stony. |
|
113 I. pingnanensis |
| + |
Fruit subglobose, ca. 4 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., pyrenes ellipsoidal, ca. 3 mm, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., abaxially and laterally striate and sulcate, endocarp woody. |
|
114 I. fengqingensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 62 (50) |
Shrubs or trees |
|
(63) |
| + |
Trees, rarely shrubs |
|
(73) |
| |
|
|
|
| 63 (62) |
Shrubs, 1-3(-4) m tall |
|
(64) |
| + |
Shrubs or trees, (2-)3-5(-15) m tall |
|
(68) |
| |
|
|
|
| 64 (63) |
Leaf blade obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 4.5-7.5 cm; pyrenes ovoid, ca. 2 mm, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., abaxially smooth, nearly not or inconspicuously striate and sulcate. |
|
115 I. kunmingensis |
| + |
Leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong-elliptic; pyrenes subglobose or ellipsoidal, abaxially striate and sulcate |
|
(65) |
| |
|
|
|
| 65 (64) |
Leaf blade lanceolate, abaxially punctate. |
|
116 I. peiradena |
| + |
Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, oblong-elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, abaxially not punctate |
|
(66) |
| |
|
|
|
| 66 (65) |
Infructescences: cymes pseudoracemose; leaf blade 7-12 × 2.2-4 cm, lateral veins 8-10 pairs, adaxially evident, slightly raised or ± flat, petiole 8-13 mm. |
|
117 I. micropyrena |
| + |
Female inflorescences: cymes fasciculate; leaf blade 3.5-8.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, lateral veins 5-9 pairs, petiole 4-8 mm |
|
(67) |
| |
|
|
|
| 67 (66) |
Ovary oblong, stigma discoid; leaf blade thickly leathery, margin slightly or deeply undulate, sparsely black serrulate, lateral veins 5-7 pairs, abaxially evident. |
|
118 I. pingheensis |
| + |
Ovary ovoid, stigma trapezoid-conical; leaf blade thinly leathery, margin not undulate, sparsely and shallowly serrate, lateral veins 8 or 9 pairs, raised on both surfaces, or adaxially flat. |
|
119 I. macrostigma |
| |
|
|
|
| 68 (63) |
Apex of leaf blade usually abruptly acuminate |
|
(69) |
| + |
Apex of leaf blade acute or acuminate, not abruptly acuminate |
|
(71) |
| |
|
|
|
| 69 (68) |
Leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 4-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm, base attenuate and decurrent, lateral veins slightly raised on both surfaces, reticulate veins evident. |
|
120 I. dianguiensis |
| + |
Leaf blade oblong-ovate, oblanceolate, oblong, elliptic, or obovate-oblong, base rounded or obtuse, lateral veins slightly impressed or obscure adaxially, reticulate veins indistinct or slightly evident |
|
(70) |
| |
|
|
|
| 70 (69) |
Male inflorescences 1(-3)-flowered cymes, fasciculate; rudimentary ovary globose, ca. 1 mm in diam., apex densely puberulent; leaf blade oblong-ovate, abaxially not punctate. |
|
121 I. brachyphylla |
| + |
Male inflorescences 3-flowered cymes, fasciculate; rudimentary ovary subglobose, ca. 0.5 mm in diam., glabrous; leaf blade oblanceolate, elliptic, oblong, or obovate-oblong, abaxially sparsely glandular punctate. |
|
122 I. confertiflora |
| |
|
|
|
| 71 (68) |
Male inflorescence: cyme pseudopaniculate, rachis stout, inflated, purple-black; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 6-9.5 × 2.5-3 cm, abaxially minutely glandular punctate. |
|
123 I. punctatilimba |
| + |
Male inflorescence: cyme fasciculate, not pseudopaniculate; leaf blade oblong-oblanceolate, ovate-oblong, or oblong, 7-15 × 2-7 cm, abaxially glandular punctate or not |
|
(72) |
| |
|
|
|
| 72 (71) |
Male inflorescences 1-3-flowered cymes, fasciculate; leaf blade ovate-oblong or oblong, 11-14 × 5-7 cm, abaxially minutely punctate, petiole 10-15 mm. |
|
124 I. robustinervosa |
| + |
Male inflorescences 3-9-flowered cymes, fasciculate; leaf blade oblong-oblanceolate, 7-15 × 2-4 cm, abaxially not punctate, petiole 2-4 mm. |
|
125 I. cinerea |
| |
|
|
|
| 73 (62) |
Female inflorescence and infructescence: cymes pseudoracemose, sometimes fasciculate |
|
(74) |
| + |
Female inflorescence and infructescence 1-flowered or 1-fruited cymes, fasciculate, not pseudoracemose |
|
(80) |
| |
|
|
|
| 74 (73) |
Branchlets conspicuously lenticellate |
|
(75) |
| + |
Branchlets not lenticellate |
|
(76) |
| |
|
|
|
| 75 (74) |
Fruit subglobose, ca. 9 mm, ca. 8 mm in diam.; pyrenes trigonous-ellipsoid, 6-7 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., abaxially longitudinally striate and sulcate; leaf blade papery, margin sparsely and shallowly crenulate. |
|
126 I. venosa |
| + |
Fruit depressed globose, 4-5 mm in diam., tuberculate; pyrenes ovoid-trigonous, ca. 2.5 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam., abaxially irregularly reticulate-striate, rugose; leaf blade thickly leathery, margin densely and sharply serrate. |
|
127 I. dunniana |
| |
|
|
|
| 76 (74) |
Fruit tuberculate (under lens), persistent stigma thickly discoid, endocarp stony; apex of leaf blade obtuse, acute, shortly acuminate, or nearly caudate-acuminate. |
|
128 I. intermedia |
| + |
Fruit not tuberculate, persistent stigma navel-shaped, mammilliform, capitate, thinly discoid, or thickly discoid, endocarp leathery or stony; apex of leaf blade acuminate to caudate-acuminate, rarely abruptly acute |
|
(77) |
| |
|
|
|
| 77 (76) |
Fruiting pedicel densely puberulent, ca. 1 mm, persistent stigma mammilliform or thickly discoid, endocarp leathery; petiole (8-)10-15 mm. |
|
129 I. medogensis |
| + |
Fruiting pedicel puberulent or sparsely puberulent, 2-5.5 mm, persistent stigma navel-shaped, thinly discoid, or capitate, endocarp stony; petiole 4-13 mm |
|
(78) |
| |
|
|
|
| 78 (77) |
Male flower: corolla ca. 10 mm in diam.; pyrenes palmately striate and sulcate throughout; leaf blade papery. |
|
130 I. gintungensis |
| + |
Male flower: corolla 5-6 mm in diam.; pyrenes abaxially palmately striate and sulcate, laterally longitudinally striate and sulcate; leaf blade leathery or thickly papery |
|
(79) |
| |
|
|
|
| 79 (78) |
Persistent stigma capitate; pyrenes ovoid-oblong or oblong, 3-4 mm; male flower: calyx puberulent, petals oblong, ca. 3 mm, ciliate; leaf blade margin usually crenulate-serrate, petiole 5-13 mm. |
|
131 I. formosana |
| + |
Persistent stigma navel-shaped; pyrenes oblong, ca. 4 mm; male flower: calyx glabrous and ciliate, petals obovate-oblong, ca. 2 mm, not ciliate; leaf blade margin subentire or minutely crenulate, petiole 4-7 mm. |
|
132 I. tetramera |
| |
|
|
|
| 80 (73) |
Pyrenes abaxially longitudinally striate and sulcate; fruiting pedicel 1-2 mm; third year’s and older branchlets with raised elliptic lenticels. |
|
133 I. cupreonitens |
| + |
Pyrenes abaxially usually striate and sulcate, rarely only striate; fruiting pedicel (1-)2-3(-6) mm; third year’s and older branchlets not lenticellate, rarely minutely or sparsely lenticellate |
|
(81) |
| |
|
|
|
| 81 (80) |
Leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate or acute, margin undulate crenate-serrate; fruit 3-5 mm in diam., pyrenes 2-2.5(-5) mm, ca. 1.5(-2) mm in diam., ellipsoidal-trigonous. |
|
134 I. corallina |
| + |
Leaf blade usually not above-mentioned shapes, but sometimes oblong and rarely ovate, margin rarely undulate; fruit (3-)5-7(-8) mm in diam., pyrenes 3-4.5(-7) mm, (1.5-)2-3(-5) mm in diam., ellipsoidal or subglobose, rarely obovoid, obovoid-oblong, ovoid, or oblong |
|
(82) |
| |
|
|
|
| 82 (81) |
Fruiting pedicel equaling or longer than diam. of fruit |
|
(83) |
| + |
Fruiting pedicel much shorter than diam. of fruit, ca. less than 1/2 in diam |
|
(85) |
| |
|
|
|
| 83 (82) |
Fruit globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., fruiting pedicel 5-6 mm. |
|
137 I. cyrtura |
| + |
Fruit ellipsoidal or globose, 3-5 mm in diam., fruiting pedicel 3-3.5 mm |
|
(84) |
| |
|
|
|
| 84 (83) |
Fruit globose, 3-5 mm in diam., fruiting pedicel ca. 3.5 mm, pyrenes obovoid; leaf blade papery, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 5-8 × 1.5-2.5 cm, acumen 1.8-2 cm. |
|
135 I. arisanensis |
| + |
Fruit ellipsoidal, 3.5-4 mm in diam., fruiting pedicel ca. 3 mm, pyrenes ellipsoidal; leaf blade thinly leathery, usually oblong-elliptic, 6.5-11.5 × 3.5-4 cm, acumen 1-1.5 cm. |
|
136 I. marlipoensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 85 (82) |
Peduncles of male cymes very short to nearly absent; pyrenes laterally striate and sulcate or inconspicuously striate, not rugose or pitted |
|
(86) |
| + |
Peduncles of male cymes 1-2 mm; pyrenes laterally rugose and/or pitted |
|
(87) |
| |
|
|
|
| 86 (85) |
Fruit subglobose, persistent stigma discoid or navel-shaped, pyrenes obovoid-oblong; leaf blade papery to thinly leathery, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-elliptic, 6-12 cm, reticulate veins slightly raised on both surfaces. |
|
138 I. wattii |
| + |
Fruit globose, persistent stigma thickly discoid, pyrenes ellipsoidal; leaf blade leathery, oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 4-8 cm, reticulate veins evident only abaxially. |
|
139 I. guangnanensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 87 (85) |
Stamens longer than petals; petals ovate-oblong, apically ciliate; fruit tuberculate (under lens). |
|
140 I. ficoidea |
| + |
Stamens equaling or shorter than petals; petals oblong, not ciliate; fruit not tuberculate |
|
(88) |
| |
|
|
|
| 88 (87) |
Fruit globose, 7-8 mm in diam., pyrenes oblong or subglobose, 5.5-7 mm, 4-5 mm in diam.; leaf blade subleathery, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 6-12 × 2-4 cm, margin serrate. |
|
141 I. glomerata |
| + |
Fruit depressed globose, ca. 4 mm, ca. 5 mm in diam., pyrenes subglobose, ca. 3 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.; leaf blade leathery, elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6-9 × 2-3 cm, margin strongly serrate, teeth black and apiculate. |
|
142 I. subodorata |
|
