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14. Machilus Rumphius ex Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 61, 70. 1831.
润楠属 run nan shu
Authors: Fa-Nan Wei & Henk van der Werff
Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, pinnately veined. Inflorescences usually paniculate, terminal, subterminal, or arising from near base of branchlet, with long peduncles or rarely without peduncles. Flowers bisexual, small or larger. Perianth tubes short; perianth lobes 6 in 2 series, equal, subequal, or occasionally outer ones conspicuously smaller than inner ones, usually persistent, rarely deciduous. Fertile stamens 9 in 3 series, anthers 4-celled, 1st and 2nd series of stamens eglandular, anthers introrse, 3rd series of stamens glandular, anthers extrorse or lateral, glands stipitate to sessile. Staminodes in 4th series, sagittate. Ovary sessile; stigmas small, dish-shaped or capitate. Fruit fleshy, globose, rarely ellipsoid or oblong, subtended at base by persistent and reflexed perianth lobes; fruiting pedicel not enlarged or slightly enlarged.
About 100 species: tropical and subtropical S and SE Asia; 82 species (63 endemic) in China; one additional species (endemic) is of uncertain placement.
The following species were described from China but could not be treated here because no material was seen by the present authors: Machilus hemsleyi Nakai (J. Jap. Bot. 16: 122. 1940; Persea hemsleyi (Nakai) Kostermans), described from Hubei. Machilus tingzhourensis M. M. Lin et al. (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 25: 5. 2005), described from Fujian.
Species incertae sedis
Machilus holadena H. Liu, Laurac. Chine & Indochine, 54. 1932 ["holadenus"].
全腺润楠 quan xian run nan
Trees. Branchlets purple-brown, slender, ± angular, subglabrous. Terminal bud small; bud scales 3-5 mm. Leaves subopposite; petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade dull abaxially, shiny adaxially, elliptic, 10-11 × 3.5-4.5 cm, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib and lateral veins conspicuous on both surfaces, lateral veins ca. 10 pairs, veinlets anastomosing, somewhat visible abaxially, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 1 cm. Cymose panicles few flowered, inserted on short shoots in upper leaf axils or in axils of deciduous bracts; short shoots 2.5-5 mm; peduncles 1.5-4.5 cm. Pedicel 5-10 mm (terminal one longer), glabrous. Flowers yellow. Perianth tube long; lobes (6-)9 or 12, oblong, equal, 3.5-5 mm, glabrous abaxially, pilose adaxially, glandular. Stamens 9 or 12, 3-4 mm, all 2-glandular; glands at middle part of filament, stipitate, sublanceolate; filaments pilose; anthers subovoid, 2(or 4)-celled. Staminodes 3, somewhat pilose, apex deltoid. Pistil 4.5-5 mm, glabrous; ovary subovoid, almost covered by perianth tube, apex attenuate into a style 2.5-3 mm; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit unknown. Fl. May.
● Mountain slopes. Sichuan (Emei Shan), NE Yunnan.
Li Jie and Li Xiwen note that this species has subopposite leaves, a long perianth tube, (6-)9 or 12 perianth lobes, and mostly 2-celled (rarely 4-celled) anthers. They consider that it may perhaps be a species of Beilschmiedia, but they have not yet seen its fruit and therefore include it here as a species incertae sedis.
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Key 5
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| 1 |
Panicles terminal or subterminal |
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(2) |
| + |
Panicles usually arising from near base of newly sprouted branchlet |
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(20) |
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| 2 (1) |
Inflorescences with persistent larger involucral bracts during flowering stage; branchlets, petioles, and leaf blade abaxially yellowish brown puberulent. |
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52 M. fasciculata |
| + |
Inflorescences without persistent larger involucral bracts during flowering stage |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Inflorescences short, 1-1.5 cm |
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(4) |
| + |
Inflorescences elongate, more than 4 cm |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaf blade glaucous or gray-blue abaxially, obovate-elliptic to oblanceolate; trees. |
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53 M. foonchewii |
| + |
Leaf blade not glaucous or gray-blue abaxially, castaneous when dry, obovate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate; shrubs. |
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54 M. shiwandashanica |
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| 5 (3) |
Inflorescences without peduncle. |
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55 M. pyramidalis |
| + |
Inflorescences pedunculate |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Branchlets glabrous, yellowish or yellowish brown when dry, usually with lenticels. |
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56 M. versicolora |
| + |
Branchlets glabrous or pubescent, color not as above when dry |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaf blade midrib and lateral veins concave adaxially. |
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57 M. daozhenensis |
| + |
Leaf blade lateral veins elevated or flat adaxially |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Panicles 11-18 cm, patent. |
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58 M. glaucescens |
| + |
Panicles shorter, usually not more than 8 cm |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaf blade pubescent to puberulent abaxially |
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(10) |
| + |
Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces |
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(14) |
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| 10 (9) |
Leaf blade glaucous abaxially. |
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59 M. glaucifolia |
| + |
Leaf blade not glaucous abaxially |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Winter buds 1-1.5 cm in diam.; leaf blade lateral veins 15-18 pairs. |
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60 M. submultinervia |
| + |
Winter buds much smaller, less than 1 cm in diam.; leaf blade lateral veins not more than 14 pairs |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaf blade 12-20 × 4-7 cm. |
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61 M. mangdangshanensis |
| + |
Leaf blade shorter and smaller, 5-10.5 × 1.5-4.5 cm |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate, 5-10.5 × 1.5-2.8 cm, lateral veins 12-14 pairs; branchlets with conspicuous bud scars. |
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62 M. cicatricosa |
| + |
Leaf blade obovate or elliptic, 6-9 × 3.5-4.5 cm, lateral veins 6-9 pairs; branchlets without conspicuous bud scars. |
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63 M. miaoshanensis |
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| 14 (9) |
Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate |
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(15) |
| + |
Leaf blade shape not as above |
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(16) |
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| 15 (14) |
Leaf blade opaque on both surfaces; perianth lobes equal. |
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64 M. salicina |
| + |
Leaf blade shiny on both surfaces; perianth lobes conspicuously unequal. |
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65 M. parabreviflora |
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| 16 (14) |
Inflorescences glabrous |
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(17) |
| + |
Inflorescences pubescent |
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(18) |
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| 17 (16) |
Petiole short, 3-5 mm; leaf blade obovate to obovate-lanceolate, 4-5 × 1.5-2 cm; perianth lobes persistent. |
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66 M. breviflora |
| + |
Petiole longer, 6-14 mm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 5-8(-10) × 2-3(-4) cm; perianth lobes deciduous in fruiting stage. |
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67 M. chinensis |
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| 18 (16) |
Infructescences ca. 4.5 cm, rachis with lenticels. |
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68 M. lenticellata |
| + |
Infructescences 4-8(-11) cm, rachis without lenticels |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Leaf blade apex acute or obtuse, blade elliptic to oblong; branchlets lenticellate. |
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69 M. tenuipilis |
| + |
Leaf blade apex long acuminate, blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate; branchlets without lenticels. |
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70 M. reticulata |
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| 20 (1) |
Leaf blade glabrous abaxially, occasionally slightly puberulent |
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(21) |
| + |
Leaf blade, at least young blade, hairy abaxially (occasionally young blade glabrous) |
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(26) |
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| 21 (20) |
Involucral bracts of inflorescences leaflike, 3-3.5 × 1.5-2 cm, densely sericeous outside; leaf blade castaneous when dry. |
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46 M. grandibracteata |
| + |
Involucral bracts of inflorescences not as above, much smaller; leaf blade not castaneous when dry |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Young shoot puberulent to glabrate; leaf blade lateral veins 7-9 pairs. |
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47 M. longipes |
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Young shoot glabrous; leaf blade lateral veins 10-17 pairs |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Leaf blade thickly leathery, lustrous on both surfaces, glaucous abaxially. |
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48 M. austroguizhouensis |
| + |
Leaf blade leathery, opaque on both surfaces, not glaucous abaxially |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Leaf blade lateral veins inconspicuous. |
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49 M. kurzii |
| + |
Leaf blade lateral veins conspicuous abaxially |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Leaf blade oblanceolate or elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, apex usually abruptly cuspidate, lateral veins 10-12 pairs; inflorescences variable in length, 7-18 cm, peduncle slender to lignescent. |
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50 M. chekiangensis |
| + |
Leaf blade oblong or elliptic-lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate to long acuminate, lateral veins 12-18 pairs; inflorescences 5-13 cm, peduncle slender. |
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51 M. duthiei |
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| 26 (20) |
Leaf blade villous or conspicuously pubescent abaxially, hairs visible with naked eye |
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(27) |
| + |
Leaf blade pubescent, puberulent, or sericeous, hairs only visible under lens |
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(29) |
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| 27 (26) |
Leaf blade densely or sparsely brown villous on both surfaces when young, densely villous along midrib and lateral veins abaxially when old. |
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43 M. lichuanensis |
| + |
Leaf blade densely or sparsely pubescent abaxially |
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(28) |
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| 28 (27) |
Leaf blade obovate or obovate-elliptic, 2.8-6.3 cm in diam.; persistent perianth lobes 5-6 mm. |
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44 M. minkweiensis |
| + |
Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 1.7-2.3 cm in diam.; persistent perianth lobes ca. 4 mm. |
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45 M. fukienensis |
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| 29 (26) |
Branchlets or young shoots hairy |
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(30) |
| + |
Branchlets and young shoots glabrous (except for bases) |
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(35) |
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| 30 (29) |
Young shoots puberulent to glabrate; leaf blade lateral veins to 14 pairs; inflorescences to 18 cm. |
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28 M. zuihoensis |
| + |
Young shoots conspicuously pubescent, sericeous, or tomentose; leaf blade lateral veins 6-12 pairs; inflorescences shorter, up to 13 cm |
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(31) |
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| 31 (30) |
Leaf blade apex subrotund or obtuse, lateral veins 6-8 pairs. |
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33 M. cavaleriei |
| + |
Leaf blade apex acute or acuminate, lateral veins 8-13 pairs |
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(32) |
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| 32 (31) |
Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, (7-)11-18 × (1-)1.5-3 cm; branchlets and petioles tomentose when young. |
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29 M. oreophila |
| + |
Leaf blade oblong to obovate or oblanceolate, (5-)6-15 × 1.5-5.5 cm |
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(33) |
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| 33 (32) |
Leaf blade with dirty yellowish pubescence along midrib abaxially. |
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30 M. chrysotricha |
| + |
Leaf blade appressed pubescent abaxially |
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(34) |
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| 34 (33) |
Young shoots usually patent brown tomentose; leaf blade lateral veins 10-12 pairs; petiole ca. 1 cm; inflorescences and perianth lobes grayish yellow pubescent on both surfaces. |
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31 M. kwangtungensis |
| + |
Young shoots with densely appressed gray-yellow pubescence; leaf blade lateral veins 7-10 pairs; petiole 1-2 cm; inflorescences and perianth lobes grayish or gray-white sericeous on both surfaces. |
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32 M. gamblei |
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| 35 (29) |
Leaf blade apex acute or obtuse, rarely shortly acuminate |
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(36) |
| + |
Leaf blade apex acuminate or shortly acuminate |
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(39) |
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| 36 (35) |
Nodes of branchlets swollen; fruit compressed globose. |
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34 M. minutiloba |
| + |
Nodes of branchlets not swollen; fruit globose |
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(37) |
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| 37 (36) |
Leaf blade lateral veins very slender, inconspicuous on both surfaces or only slightly conspicuous abaxially; fruiting pedicel slightly enlarged. |
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37 M. obscurinervis |
| + |
Leaf blade lateral veins conspicuous on both surfaces; fruiting pedicel not enlarged |
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(38) |
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| 38 (37) |
Leaf blade 6-12 cm, brownish abaxially; inflorescences to 10 cm. |
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35 M. dinganensis |
| + |
Leaf blade 5-9 cm, usually glaucescent abaxially; inflorescences shorter, 2.5-5 cm. |
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36 M. lohuiensis |
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| 39 (35) |
Fruit compressed globose, 7-8 mm in diam.. |
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38 M. nanmu |
| + |
Fruit globose, ca. 10 mm in diam |
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(40) |
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| 40 (39) |
Winter buds to 1.5 cm in diam., bud scales minutely sericeous outside except for margin; leaf blade 24-32 cm, lateral veins 14-24 pairs. |
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39 M. leptophylla |
| + |
Winter buds less than 1 cm in diam., bud scales completely densely sericeous or pubescent outside; leaf blade 7-24 cm, lateral veins 12-19 pairs |
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(41) |
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| 41 (40) |
Leaf blade usually blackish when dry, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, summit usually falcate; bud scales usually densely brownish sericeous outside. |
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40 M. pauhoi |
| + |
Leaf blade not blackish when dry, oblong, obovate-oblong, oblong- lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, summit not falcate; bud scales brownish or grayish white pubescent outside |
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(42) |
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| 42 (41) |
Bud scales brownish pubescent outside; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 7-16(-21.5) × 2.3-5(-6.8) cm, lateral veins 9-13 pairs. |
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41 M. sichourensis |
| + |
Bud scales grayish white pubescent outside; leaf blade oblong- lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 10-24 × 2-6 cm, lateral veins 12-17 pairs. |
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42 M. ichangensis |
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List of lower taxa
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