1 |
Caudex leaves (at least inner ones) with a distinct leaf blade, green. |
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(2) |
+ |
Caudex leaves without a distinct leaf blade, reduced, usually scalelike and not green. |
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(7) |
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2 (1) |
Caudex leaves conspicuously dimorphic: outer ones scalelike and membranous, inner ones with a distinct leaf blade. |
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(3) |
+ |
Caudex leaves monomorphic, all with a green leaf blade (sometimes deciduous but leaving a dark brown, persistent petiole). |
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(4) |
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3 (2) |
Caudex leaves prominently basally spurred; stem leaves 3.5-4 × 1-1.3 mm |
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4 R. handelii |
+ |
Caudex leaves basally spurless; stem leaves 7-14 × 1.3-2.2 mm |
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5 R. smithii |
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4 (2) |
Caudex leaves sessile, without persistent, scalelike base; stem leaves with distinct basal spur |
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Sedum carnegiei (see above) |
+ |
Caudex leaves distinctly petiolate, petiole to 10 mm, turning dark brown and persisting after leaf blade falls; stem leaves (when present) basally spurless. |
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(5) |
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5 (4) |
Anthers dorsifixed; inflorescences helicoid-cymose |
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1 R. hobsonii |
+ |
Anthers basifixed; inflorescences corymbiform, sometimes reduced to a single flower or monochasium. |
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(6) |
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6 (5) |
Caudex leaf blade linear-oblanceolate to linear-rhomboid, ca. 1.5 mm wide; petals 2.5-3 mm |
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2 R. humilis |
+ |
Caudex leaf blade broadly spatulate to obovate, ca. 5 mm wide; petals 5-10 mm |
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3 R. primuloides |
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7 (1) |
Inflorescences dense racemes, much longer than wide, with uniformly distributed flowers |
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8 R. semenovii |
+ |
Inflorescences cymose, sometimes reduced to a single flower, sometimes elongated but then clearly made up of cymes, usually in several discontinuous whorls. |
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(8) |
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8 (7) |
Stem leaves 4-6, in a single whorl; plants less than 5 cm tall. |
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(9) |
+ |
Stem leaves many, alternate, aggregated or subverticillate, if verticillate then plants more than 10 cm tall, less often 6-verticillate. |
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(10) |
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9 (8) |
Flowers bisexual; inflorescences 13-18-flowered, bracteate, pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm; stem leaf blade 2-6 × 2.5-4 cm |
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6 R. prainii |
+ |
Flowers unisexual; inflorescences 1-6-flowered, ebracteate, pedicels 10-13 mm; stem leaf blade 0.8-1.5 × 0.4-0.7 cm |
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7 R. stapfii |
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10 (8) |
Old flowering stems persistent; follicles connate in basal 1/2. |
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(11) |
+ |
Old flowering stems not persistent; follicles almost free. |
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(34) |
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11 (10) |
Petals ca. 10 mm, margin entire or sparsely fimbriate |
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9 R. dumulosa |
+ |
Petals less than 6 mm, margin entire. |
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(12) |
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12 (11) |
Remnants of old shoots and stems few; flowers somewhat large. |
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(13) |
+ |
Remnants of old shoots and stems numerous; flowers small. |
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(22) |
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13 (12) |
Part of caudex producing new stems not enlarged each year. |
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(14) |
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Part of caudex producing new stems somewhat enlarged each year. |
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(18) |
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14 (13) |
Caudex 0.5-0.7 cm in diam.; flowering stems 1-5, straight; flowers usually 4-merous. |
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(15) |
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Caudex 1-1.5 cm in diam.; flowering stems numerous, flabellate; flowers usually 5-merous, rarely 4-merous. |
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(16) |
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15 (14) |
Flowering stem leaves linear |
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24 R. angusta |
+ |
Flowering stem leaves lanceolate, oblong, obovate-rhombic, or broadly obovate |
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17 R. atuntsuensis |
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16 (14) |
Petals often red |
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21 R. fastigiata |
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Petals often yellow, especially when sepals yellow or yellowish green. |
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(17) |
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17 (16) |
Stem leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate; stamens usually shorter than petals |
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22 R. pamiroalaica |
+ |
Stem leaves elliptic; stamens equaling or longer than petals |
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23 R. litwinowii |
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18 (13) |
Flowering stems often straw-colored when dry; leaves smooth. |
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(19) |
+ |
Flowering stems often purplish red or pink when dry; leaves finely and minutely hairy. |
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(20) |
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19 (18) |
Plants pubescent |
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25 R. himalensis |
+ |
Plants glabrous |
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28 R. tangutica |
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20 (18) |
Stem leaf margin entire; petals greenish yellow; pedicels densely papillate |
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27 R. sherriffii |
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Stem leaf margin entire or apically dentate; petals deep purple; pedicels smooth. |
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(21) |
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21 (20) |
Stem leaves 1.7-2.7 × 0.4-1 cm |
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25 R. himalensis |
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Stem leaves 0.8-1.5 × ca. 0.2 cm |
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26 R. alsia |
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22 (12) |
Nectar scales linear to broadly so |
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10 R. gelida |
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Nectar scales suboblong, quadrangular, or suborbicular. |
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(23) |
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23 (22) |
Stem leaves elliptic to ovate or ovate-lanceolate. |
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(24) |
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Stem leaves lanceolate to ovate or oblong-oblanceolate, rarely linear to oblong-linear. |
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(28) |
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24 (23) |
Stem leaves shortly petiolate, margin irregularly crenulate |
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16 R. subopposita |
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Stem leaves sessile, margin entire (coarsely dentate in R. recticaulis). |
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(25) |
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25 (24) |
Flowering stems less than 4 cm |
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17 R. atuntsuensis |
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Flowering stems more than 12 cm. |
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(26) |
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26 (25) |
Petals yellow; stem leaf margin coarsely dentate; inflorescences corymbiform-capitate |
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18 R. recticaulis |
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Petals purplish red or red; stem leaf margin entire, sometimes mammillate; inflorescences cymose. |
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(27) |
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27 (26) |
Plants (6-)15-18 cm tall; stem leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate; flowers often 4-merous |
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19 R. gannanica |
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Plants to 30 cm tall; stem leaves linear to narrowly ovate; flowers usually 5-merous |
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20 R. tibetica |
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28 (23) |
Caudex base not or only slightly enlarged. |
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(29) |
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Caudex base enlarged. |
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(31) |
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29 (28) |
Stems 1-2 mm in diam. |
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15 R. nobilis |
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Stems 0.5-1 mm in diam. |
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(30) |
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30 (29) |
Flowering stems blackening when old; caudex leaves 6-8 mm wide; sepal apex subobtuse to obtuse |
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12 R. coccinea |
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Flowering stems grayish when old; caudex leaves 3-5 mm wide; sepal apex acute |
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14 R. kashgarica |
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31 (28) |
Caudex densely clustered; leaves linear-lanceolate |
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12 R. coccinea |
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Caudex slightly or not clustered; leaves linear. |
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(32) |
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32 (31) |
Caudex less than 1 cm in diam., persistent old flowering stems and branches usually few; flowers often white, 5-merous; inflorescences ca. 1 cm in diam. |
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13 R. kansuensis |
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Caudex 1-3 cm in diam., persistent old flowering stems and branches usually more than 100; flowers often purplish red, 4-merous; inflorescences 1.2-1.5 cm in diam. |
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(33) |
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33 (32) |
Winter bud at apex of rhizome conspicuous; flowering stems 6-9 cm |
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11 R. quadrifida |
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Winter bud at apex of rhizome absent; flowering stems 1-5 cm |
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12 R. coccinea |
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34 (10) |
Flowers usually bisexual. |
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(35) |
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Flowers usually unisexual (plants hermaphroditic or rarely gynodioecious in R. purpureoviridis subsp. phariensis). |
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(44) |
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35 (34) |
Petals apex awnlike, with a mucro to 1 mm |
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55 R. liciae |
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Petals apex subobtuse. |
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(36) |
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36 (35) |
Flowering stems leafy at middle or near apex. |
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(37) |
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Flowering stems leafy throughout. |
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(39) |
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37 (36) |
Flowering stems with leaves in a whorl at middle of stem |
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54 R. sexifolia |
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Flowering stems with leaves grouped near apex of stem. |
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(38) |
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38 (37) |
Stem leaves 1-1.5 cm |
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52 R. chrysanthemifolia |
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Stem leaves 2-3 cm |
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53 R. ovatisepala |
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39 (36) |
Stem leaves 2-4 cm, margin divided. |
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(40) |
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Stem leaves 1-2.3(-3) cm, margin serrate or dentate. |
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(41) |
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40 (39) |
Flowering stems ca. 15 cm; stem leaves elliptic to obovate, 5-7 cm; sepals ca. 3 mm |
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48 R. sinuata |
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Flowering stems 8-11 cm; stem leaves oblong, 1-3 cm; sepals ca. 6 mm |
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49 R. tieghemii |
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41 (39) |
Stem leaf margin with 4 or 5 dentate lobes on each side |
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50 R. sacra |
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Stem leaf margin with 2 to several shallowly incised serrations on each side. |
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(42) |
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42 (41) |
Stem leaves 0.2-0.3 cm wide |
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42 R. wallichiana |
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Stem leaves 0.4-1.1 cm wide. |
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(43) |
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43 (42) |
Stem leaves elliptic, narrowly ovate, or ovate, margin irregularly and remotely serrate, base shallowly cordate; petal margin entire |
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38 R. purpureoviridis |
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Stem leaves oblong to obovate-oblong, margin with 2 shallowly incised serrations on each side, base attenuate; petal margin apically erose |
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51 R. alterna |
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44 (34) |
Carpel beak reflexed. |
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(45) |
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Carpel beak not reflexed. |
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(46) |
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45 (44) |
Sepals 0.5-1 mm; petals spatulate to oblong-lanceolate |
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46 R. yunnanensis |
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Sepals ca. 3 mm; petals oblong or triangular-ovate |
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47 R. forrestii |
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46 (44) |
Carpels ovoid or narrowly so, basally narrowed. |
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(47) |
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Carpels oblong or narrowly so, basally thickened. |
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(50) |
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47 (46) |
Flowers usually bisexual |
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42 R. wallichiana |
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Flowers unisexual. |
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(48) |
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48 (47) |
Carpels ovoid, 9-11 mm; stem leaves obtrullate to linear-lanceolate |
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45 R. macrocarpa |
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Carpels narrowly ovoid, 7-9 mm; stem leaves narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate, or widely oblanceolate. |
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(49) |
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49 (48) |
Caudex 0.5-1 cm in diam.; stem leaves 0.6-0.8 cm wide; stamens equaling or slightly longer than petals |
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43 R. stephanii |
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Caudex 1-2 cm in diam.; stem leaves 0.3-0.5 cm wide; stamens ca. 1.5 × as long as petals |
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44 R. pinnatifida |
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50 (46) |
Carpels oblong, ca. 2 × as long as wide. |
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(51) |
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Carpels narrowly oblong, over 3 × as long as wide. |
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(54) |
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51 (50) |
Plants glandular hairy; flowering stems more than 2 per caudex apex |
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38 R. purpureoviridis |
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Plants not glandular hairy; flowering stems 1 or 2 per caudex apex. |
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(52) |
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52 (51) |
Flowering stems transversely wrinkled, mostly leafless; caudex elongate and rhizomelike, covered by scree so that only inflorescences are visible above ground |
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41 R. atsaensis |
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Flowering stems smooth or longitudinally ridged, leafy; caudex often erect or almost so, not deeply buried. |
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(53) |
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53 (52) |
Caudex subprostrate, ascending, or suberect; stem leaves abaxially ± glaucescent; petals of male flowers 5-6 × 1.2-2 mm, those of female flowers 3-4 × 0.9-1.2 mm |
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39 R. discolor |
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Caudex erect; stem leaves abaxially not glaucescent; petals of male flowers 2.8-4 × 1.2-1.6 mm, those of female flowers 1.5-3 × 0.5-0.7 mm |
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40 R. bupleuroides |
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54 (50) |
Stem leaves linear to oblanceolate, margin entire or remotely dentate. |
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(55) |
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Stem leaves oblong, elliptic, lanceolate, rhombic-ovate, ovate-triangular, or orbicular-cordate, margin crenulate throughout, apically dentate, or sometimes subentire. |
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(56) |
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55 (54) |
Caudex prostrate, 0.2-0.4 cm in diam.; flowering stems 2-12 cm; sepals 3-4.5 mm, apex obtuse |
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36 R. cretinii |
+ |
Caudex erect, 1.5-2.5 cm in diam.; flowering stems 15-60 cm; sepals 1.5-3 mm, apex acute to acuminate |
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37 R. kirilowii |
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56 (54) |
Stem leaves rhombic-ovate to elliptic |
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29 R. calliantha |
+ |
Stem leaves not as above. |
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(57) |
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57 (56) |
Flowering stems not leafy apically; stem leaves short, broadest near base. |
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(58) |
+ |
Flowering stems leafy apically; stem leaves long, usually broadest in distal 1/2. |
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(59) |
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58 (57) |
Leaf base cordate, amplexicaul, apex acute; sepals linear, ca. 7 × 1.3 mm; stamens reddish |
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34 R. heterodonta |
+ |
Leaf base truncate to subcordate, apex shortly acuminate; sepals triangular-linear, ca. 1.1 × 1.3 mm; stamens yellow |
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35 R. junggarica |
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59 (57) |
Flowering stems apically papillate; stem leaf margin serrate |
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33 R. serrata |
+ |
Flowering stems smooth; stem leaf margin subentire, apically sometimes dentate. |
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(60) |
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60 (59) |
Persistent old flowering stems and branches black when dry |
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32 R. crenulata |
+ |
Persistent old flowering stems and branches not black when dry. |
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(61) |
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61 (60) |
Plants 20-30 cm tall; stem leaves elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, or broadly oblong-ovate; sepals ca. 1/3 as long as petals |
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30 R. rosea |
+ |
Plants 10-15 cm tall; stem leaves oblong-spatulate, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-rhombic; sepals ca. 1/2 as long as petals |
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31 R. sachalinensis |