| 1 |
Calyx with 30 veins |
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48 S. conoidea |
| + |
Calyx with 10, rarely 20 veins. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Calyx with 20 veins, at least at base. |
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(3) |
| + |
Calyx with 10 veins. |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Flowers female; plants green, pubescent |
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46 S. latifolia |
| + |
Flowers bisexual; plants glaucous, glabrous |
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32 S. vulgaris |
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| 4 (2) |
Fruit a black pseudoberry, irregularly dehiscent |
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33 S. baccifera |
| + |
Fruit a capsule dehiscing by teeth. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Styles 5. |
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(6) |
| + |
Styles 3. |
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(8) |
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| 6 (5) |
Flowers unisexual (plants dioecious) |
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46 S. latifolia |
| + |
Flowers bisexual or plants gynomonoecious. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Calyx funnel-shaped in flower; flowers in ± regular terminal dichasia |
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1 S. linnaeana |
| + |
Calyx tubular or campanulate in flower; inflorescence an irregular thyrse composed of unequal cymules, or flower solitary |
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(5) |
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| 8 (5) |
Petals (including limb) together forming a short tube exserted beyond calyx by 1--3 mm |
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49 S. tubulosa |
| + |
Petal limbs not forming a tube. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaves petiolate throughout, usually ± cordate. |
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(10) |
| + |
At least distal leaves not petiolate, not cordate. |
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(12) |
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| 10 (9) |
Cyme capitate |
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38 S. capitata |
| + |
Cymes not capitate. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaves ovate to lanceolate; petal limbs bifid |
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39 S. seoulensis |
| + |
Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular; petal limbs 4-lobed |
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40 S. qiyunshanensis |
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| 12 (9) |
Seeds with a rim of long protuberances or winged abaxially; flowers 1 to few. |
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(13) |
| + |
Seeds without long marginal protuberances or wings. |
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(19) |
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| 13 (12) |
Seeds with an entire marginal wing. |
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(14) |
| + |
Seeds with a rim of spinulose protuberances. |
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(15) |
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| 14 (14) |
Plants perennial |
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(14) |
| + |
Plants annual |
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45 S. nana |
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| 15 (15) |
Flowers in an irregular thyrse, or solitary; petaline claws auriculate |
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(15) |
| + |
Flowers in terminal lax, regular dichasia; petaline claws not auriculate. |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Leaves lanceolate |
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41 S. salicifolia |
| + |
Leaves linear. |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Calyx narrowly tubular |
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44 S. tubiformis |
| + |
Calyx campanulate. |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Leaves 2--3.5 cm; flowers solitary; petals white |
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42 S. morrisonmontana |
| + |
Leaves 5--8 cm; usually more than one flower in each cyme; petals pale red |
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43 S. hupehensis |
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| 19 (12) |
Flowers in terminal dichasia or monochasia, or solitary. |
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(20) |
| + |
Inflorescence a regular or irregular thyrse composed of dichasial or 1-flowered cymules. |
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(27) |
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| 20 (19) |
Plants annual or biennial |
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47 S. noctiflora |
| + |
Plants perennial. |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Cushion- or mat-forming herbs, usually less than 10 cm tall; leaves small, 1--3 mm wide; flower solitary. |
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(22) |
| + |
Plants taller, not forming cushions; leaves broader; 1- to many flowered. |
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(23) |
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| 22 (21) |
Leaves glabrous except for marginal cilia |
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50 S. davidii |
| + |
Plants hairy throughout |
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51 S. gracilenta |
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| 23 (23) |
Roots fleshy, fasciculate; inflorescence a many-flowered dichasium |
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(23) |
| + |
Roots not as above; inflorescence 1--3-flowered. |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Androgynophore pubescent. |
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(25) |
| + |
Androgynophore glabrous. |
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(26) |
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| 25 (24) |
Calyx 2--2.5 cm; androgynophore 8--10 mm |
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35 S. incurvifolia |
| + |
Calyx 1--1.8 cm; androgynophore 3--6 mm |
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34 S. subcretacea |
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| 26 (24) |
Basal rosettelike clusters of sterile shoots absent; calyx ca. 2 cm or more |
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36 S. moorcroftiana |
| + |
Basal rosettelike clusters of sterile shoots present; calyx less than 2 cm |
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37 S. karaczukuri |
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| 27 (19) |
Flowers unisexual (plants dioecious); calyx less than 6 mm; plants biennial. |
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(28) |
| + |
Flowers bisexual; calyx usually longer than 6 mm; plants annual, biennial, or perennial. |
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(30) |
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| 28 (27) |
Calyx 4--6 mm; petals greenish |
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29 S. otites |
| + |
Calyx 2--3.5 mm; petals white. |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Calyx hairy; petaline claws and filaments hairy |
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30 S. borysthenica |
| + |
Calyx glabrous; petaline claws and filaments glabrous |
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31 S. wolgensis |
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| 30 (27) |
Plants annual or biennial. |
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(31) |
| + |
Plants perennial. |
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(36) |
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| 31 (30) |
Calyx tubular in flower; cymules 1-flowered. |
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(32) |
| + |
Calyx ovoid-campanulate; cymules many flowered. |
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(33) |
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| 32 (31) |
Petals 4-lobed |
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24 S. quadriloba |
| + |
Petals with numerous lobes |
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25 S. suaveolens |
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| 33 (31) |
Stamens and styles exserted |
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15 S. koreana |
| + |
Stamens and styles included. |
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(34) |
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| 34 (33) |
Androgynophore glabrous; stalks of cymules very short |
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26 S. firma |
| + |
Androgynophore hairy; at least proximal cymules with prominent stalks, ca. as long as or longer than pedicels. |
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(35) |
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| 35 (34) |
Calyx densely glandular hairy |
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28 S. orientalimongolica |
| + |
Calyx not glandular hairy |
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27 S. aprica |
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| 36 (36) |
Cymules very unequal; basal rosette of large broad leaves usually present |
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(36) |
| + |
Cymules ± equal, forming a ± symmetric thyrse; basal rosette of large broad leaves usually absent. |
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(37) |
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| 37 (36) |
Cymules densely clustered; thyrse appearing capitate |
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6 S. pseudofortunei |
| + |
Cymules clearly separated; thyrse appearing paniculate or racemose. |
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(38) |
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| 38 (37) |
Cymules long stalked, thyrse appearing paniculate; petals usually pink. |
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(39) |
| + |
Cymules shortly stalked, thyrse appearing racemose at least distally; petals white or yellowish white. |
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(43) |
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| 39 (39) |
Calyx shorter than 1.2 cm |
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(39) |
| + |
Calyx at least 1.2 cm. |
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(40) |
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| 40 (39) |
Petal limbs bifid, lobes entire or erose. |
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(41) |
| + |
Petal limbs bifid, lobes multifid or laciniate |
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5 S. fortunei |
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| 41 (40) |
Calyx less than 1.8 cm; leaves oblanceolate |
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2 S. esquamata |
| + |
Calyx more than 2.5 cm; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. |
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(42) |
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| 42 (41) |
Petal lobes entire |
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3 S. dawoensis |
| + |
Petal lobes erose |
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4 S. incisa |
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| 43 (38) |
Basal leaves caespitose, not withered at anthesis; cauline leaves few, without axillary sterile short shoots. |
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(44) |
| + |
Basal leaves withered at anthesis; cauline leaves many, with axillary sterile short shoots. |
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(47) |
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| 44 (43) |
At least some cymules with more than 1 flower |
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20 S. jenisseensis |
| + |
Cymules very rarely with more than 1 flower. |
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(45) |
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| 45 (44) |
Petal auricles ciliate |
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21 S. graminifolia |
| + |
Petal auricles not ciliate. |
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(46) |
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| 46 (45) |
Plants 10--20 cm tall, villous; leaves 3--6 cm; calyx 1.5--1.7 cm, hairy at veins |
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23 S. dumetosa |
| + |
Plants 20--50 cm, glabrous; leaves 6--18 cm; calyx less than 1.2 cm (1.5--1.8 cm in var. rubescens), usually glabrous at veins |
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22 S. gracilicaulis |
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| 47 (43) |
Petals entire. |
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(48) |
| + |
Petals lobed. |
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(51) |
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| 48 (47) |
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 15--30 mm wide |
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16 S. kungessana |
| + |
Leaves lanceolate or linear, 1.5--10 mm wide. |
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(49) |
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| 49 (48) |
Leaves linear, 1--3 cm × 1.5--3 mm |
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19 S. holopetala |
| + |
Leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate, 3--8 cm × more than 4 mm. |
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(50) |
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| 50 (49) |
Stems multibranched; calyx 8--12 mm; petals yellowish white |
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17 S. komarovii |
| + |
Stems usually not branched; calyx 6--9 mm; petals pinkish abaxially |
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18 S. pseudotenuis |
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| 51 (47) |
Plants glabrous; petals 4-lobed |
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12 S. odoratissima |
| + |
Plants pubescent; petals 2-lobed. |
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(52) |
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| 52 (51) |
Cymules alternate. |
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(53) |
| + |
Cymules opposite. |
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(57) |
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| 53 (52) |
Leaves linear or subulate, nearly spiniform at maturity. |
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(54) |
| + |
Leaves linear, never spiniform. |
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(55) |
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| 54 (53) |
Calyx 1.2--1.5 cm |
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7 S. altaica |
| + |
Calyx 2--2.5 cm |
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8 S. alexandrae |
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| 55 (53) |
Calyx shortly pubescent |
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34 S. subcretacea |
| + |
Calyx glabrous. |
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(56) |
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| 56 (55) |
Calyx 1--1.2 cm; androgynophore ca. 3 mm |
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9 S. tianschanica |
| + |
Calyx 1.4--1.7 cm; androgynophore ca. 5 mm |
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10 S. ningxiaensis |
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| 57 (52) |
Calyx tubular or club-shaped; androgynophore longer than 3 mm |
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11 S. repens |
| + |
Calyx ovoid or campanulate; androgynophore not longer than 2 mm. |
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(58) |
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| 58 (57) |
Calyx broadly campanulate, 4--6 mm |
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13 S. macrostyla |
| + |
Calyx ovoid-campanulate, 6--8 mm |
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14 S. foliosa |
