|
78. Trisetum Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 97. 1805.
三毛草属 san mao cao shu
Authors: Zhen-lan Wu & Sylvia M. Phillips
Perennials, tufted, sometimes shortly rhizomatous. Leaf blades narrowly to broadly linear, usually flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a moderately lax to spikelike panicle, shining. Spikelets with 2 or 3 florets, disarticulating below each floret; rachilla shortly bearded, extended beyond uppermost floret, tipped by a reduced or vestigial floret; glumes lanceolate, unequal or subequal, shorter than spikelet, keeled, herbaceous or membranous, margins broad, hyaline, lower glume 1(–3)-veined, upper glume 3-veined, apex acute or acuminate; floret callus glabrous or shortly bearded; lemmas lanceolate, laterally compressed, membranous to thinly leathery, 5-veined, glabrous, awned from above middle of back, apex 2-toothed, teeth often aristulate; awn geniculate with twisted column or merely outwardly curved; palea hyaline, slightly to distinctly shorter than lemma, gaping free from lemma margins. Ovary glabrous or almost so. Caryopsis with punctiform hilum; endosperm sometimes liquid.
About 70 species: temperate regions of the world except Africa, also on tropical mountains; 12 species (five endemic) in China.
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
Culm below panicle and panicle branches pubescent to tomentose (except T. altaicum); panicle contracted to dense and spikelike; plants often less than 50 cm tall |
|
(2) |
| + |
Culm and panicle branches glabrous; panicle lax; plants often more than 40 cm tall |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Culm glabrous; panicle branches smooth, glabrous. |
|
1 T. altaicum |
| + |
Culm pubescent to tomentose; panicle branches pubescent |
|
(3) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Plant rhizomatous; culms stout, 2–3 mm thick; panicle scarcely exserted from uppermost leaf sheath. |
|
2 T. kangdingense |
| + |
Plant tufted; culms slender, 0.5–2 mm thick; panicle clearly exserted from uppermost leaf sheath |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (3) |
Palea keels densely ciliate; ovary pilose. |
|
5 T. debile |
| + |
Palea keels scabrid; ovary glabrous |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Panicle dense, spikelike, cylindrical to ovoid, 1.5–11 cm; branches erect, appressed; glumes and lemmas lanceolate; anthers 0.7–1.3 mm. |
|
3 T. spicatum |
| + |
Panicle contracted but not dense and spikelike, lanceolate to subcylindrical, 5–18 cm; branches usually obvious, slightly spreading; glumes and lemmas narrowly lanceolate; anthers 1.3–1.6 mm |
|
4 T. clarkei |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (1) |
Floret callus hairy |
|
(7) |
| + |
Floret callus glabrous |
|
(8) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Lemmas conspicuously punctate-scabrid; palea 1/2–2/3 lemma length. |
|
6 T. bifidum |
| + |
Lemmas smooth; palea subequal to lemma. |
|
7 T. yunnanense |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (6) |
Panicle branches single or paired; awns 9–14 mm, geniculate with twisted column; anthers 1–1.5 mm. |
|
8 T. scitulum |
| + |
Panicle branches in whorls of 3–8; awns 4.5–9 mm, recurved or basally slightly twisted; anthers 2–3 mm |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Culm stout, 4–5 mm in diam.; lemmas pale yellowish green, herbaceous with broad hyaline margins. |
|
9 T. henryi |
| + |
Culm slender, 1.5–3 mm in diam.; lemmas brown at maturity, firm with narrow margins |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Florets 2–4; lemmas 5–7 mm; awns up to 9 mm, strongly recurved. |
|
10 T. sibiricum |
| + |
Florets 1 or 2; lemmas 4.5–5.5 mm; awns up to 6.5 mm, recurved or straight |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (10) |
Margins of leaf sheaths joined below middle; awns almost straight. |
|
11 T. umbratile |
| + |
Margins of leaf sheaths joined to middle or above; awns recurved. |
|
12 T. pauciflorum |
|
|
|
List of lower taxa
| Related Links (opens in a new window) |
|
Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
Other Databases
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
