| 1 |
Peduncle erect, 10--30 cm, robust, sometimes absent. |
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(2) |
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Peduncle usually to 10 cm, slender, sometimes to 20 cm but then not erect. |
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(11) |
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| 2 (1) |
Inflorescences breaking through leaf sheaths, peduncle absent; ligule 2-lobed, 1--3 cm |
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1 Zingiber ellipticum |
| + |
Inflorescences arising from rhizomes on peduncle clothed with scalelike sheaths. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade 2--3 cm wide. |
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(4) |
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Leaf blade 3--8 cm wide. |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Ligule 2--4 mm; inflorescences ovoid, 4--5 cm; bracts ovate, apex mucronate |
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2 Zingiber officinale |
| + |
Ligule 8--10 mm; inflorescences fusiform, 4--12 cm; bracts rhombic, apex obtusely acuminate |
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3 Zingiber laoticum |
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| 5 (3) |
Ligule 10--20 mm. |
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(6) |
| + |
Ligule 1--6 mm. |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Ligule 1--1.2 cm; labellum ca. 3 × 2.5 cm, central lobe ligulelike, lateral lobes inconspicuous, ca. 3 mm |
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4 Zingiber neotruncatum |
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Ligule 1.5--2 cm; labellum ca. 1.5 × 2.5 cm, central lobe suborbicular or subobovate, lateral lobes obovate, ca. 1 cm, free nearly to base |
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5 Zingiber zerumbet |
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| 7 (5) |
Ligule ca. 6 mm. |
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(8) |
| + |
Ligule 1--4 mm. |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Ligule 2-lobed; flowers hairy; central lobe of labellum white with orange base, 2-cleft at apex, lateral lobes 2-cleft at apex |
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6 Zingiber menghaiense |
| + |
Ligule emarginate at apex; flowers glabrous; central lobe of labellum white, emarginate at apex, lateral lobes entire at apex |
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7 Zingiber stipitatum |
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| 9 (7) |
Inflorescences oblong; bracts acute at apex |
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8 Zingiber corallinum |
| + |
Inflorescences fusiform or ellipsoid; bracts obtuse at apex. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Rhizomes white inside; leaf blade elliptic-oblong, 4--11 cm wide, glabrous; ovary glabrous |
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9 Zingiber nudicarpum |
| + |
Rhizomes yellow inside; leaf blade oblong-oblanceolate, 1.5--5 cm wide, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely pubescent along midvein and at margin; ovary densely pubescent |
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10 Zingiber paucipunctatum |
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| 11 (1) |
Labellum not lobed or inconspicuously 3-lobed, lateral lobes absent or very small. |
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(12) |
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Labellum conspicuously 3-lobed. |
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(20) |
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| 12 (11) |
Ligule to 0.6 cm. |
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(13) |
| + |
Ligule 1--5 cm. |
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(16) |
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| 13 (12) |
Ligule to 1 mm; corolla ivory white; labellum elliptic |
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11 Zingiber integrilabrum |
| + |
Ligule 1--6 mm; corolla purple; labellum broadly ovate to lanceolate. |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Pseudostems 30--40 cm; labellum reddish purple, lanceolate |
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12 Zingiber koshunense |
| + |
Pseudostems 60--130 cm; labellum yellow with purple stripes, broadly to narrowly ovate. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Flowers purple; bracteoles oblong, 2--3 cm; calyx villous, apex 3-toothed |
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13 Zingiber atrorubens |
| + |
Flowers yellow; bracteoles narrowly ovate, 3.5--4 cm; calyx glabrous, apex subtruncate |
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14 Zingiber longiglande |
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| 16 (12) |
Ligule 3.5--5 cm. |
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(17) |
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Ligule 1--3 cm. |
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(18) |
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| 17 (16) |
Ligule entire, 4--5 cm, white pubescent; corolla lobes yellowish; labellum ligulelike |
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15 Zingiber longiligulatum |
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Ligule 2-lobed, to 3.5 cm; corolla lobes slightly red; labellum oblong-cuneate |
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16 Zingiber roseum |
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| 18 (16) |
Corolla lobes red; labellum orange, 1.8--2 × 0.9--1 cm |
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17 Zingiber yingjiangense |
| + |
Corolla lobes yellowish or yellowish white; labellum yellow or white, 2.5--3.5 × 1.6--3.5 cm. |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Corolla lobes yellowish white, apex red; labellum yellow with brown lines, broadly ovate |
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18 Zingiber tuanjuum |
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Corolla lobes yellowish; labellum white with yellowish margin, narrowly elliptic |
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19 Zingiber wandingense |
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| 20 (11) |
Ligule entire. |
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(21) |
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Ligule 2-lobed. |
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(22) |
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| 21 (20) |
Leaf blade hairy; ligule pale purple, 5--7 cm; corolla lobes red; labellum pale brown with black spots, central lobe ligulelike |
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20 Zingiber integrum |
| + |
Leaf blade glabrous; ligule green-white, 1.3--1.5 cm; corolla lobes white; labellum white, central lobe semiorbicular |
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21 Zingiber orbiculatum |
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| 22 (20) |
Leaf blade adaxially hairy; petiole absent. |
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(23) |
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Leaf blade adaxially glabrous; petiole usually present. |
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(26) |
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| 23 (22) |
Ligule 0.1--0.5 cm. |
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(24) |
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Ligule 0.8--4 cm. |
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(25) |
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| 24 (23) |
Pseudostems 30--60 cm; leaf blade 20--30 × 6--8 cm; labellum deep violet, obovate |
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22 Zingiber kawagoi |
| + |
Pseudostems 80--100 cm; leaf blade 28--50 × 10--15 cm; labellum yellow, ligulelike |
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23 Zingiber xishuangbannaense |
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| 25 (23) |
Ligule 3--4 cm; labellum brown with purple-brown spots, central lobe ligulelike |
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24 Zingiber fragile |
| + |
Ligule 0.8--1.1 cm; labellum white with red spots, central lobe broadly obovate |
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25 Zingiber recurvatum |
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| 26 (22) |
Ligule (1--)4--8 cm. |
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(27) |
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Ligule to 2 cm. |
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(29) |
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| 27 (26) |
Corolla tube yellowish; anther connective appendage purple, ca. 7 mm |
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26 Zingiber flavomaculosum |
| + |
Corolla tube white; anther connective appendage blue, 11--14 mm. |
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(28) |
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| 28 (27) |
Bracts obovate; bracteoles tubular; corolla tube ca. 2.7 cm; ovary glabrous |
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27 Zingiber monglaense |
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Bracts and bracteoles oblong; corolla tube 4--4.7 cm; ovary densely villous |
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28 Zingiber bisectum |
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| 29 (26) |
Leaf blade abaxially densely black spotted |
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29 Zingiber nigrimaculatum |
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Leaf blade abaxially not black spotted. |
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(30) |
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| 30 (29) |
Labellum white, white with purple lines, or yellowish white with purple or red apex. |
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(31) |
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Labellum yellow, red, or purple. |
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(36) |
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| 31 (30) |
Leaves aggregated at apex of pseudostems; petiole 2--5 cm |
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30 Zingiber densissimum |
| + |
Leaves not aggregated at apex of pseudostems; petiole absent to 1.5 cm. |
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(32) |
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| 32 (31) |
Labellum white with purple lines or yellowish white with purple or red apex. |
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(33) |
| + |
Labellum wholly white. |
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(34) |
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| 33 (32) |
Central lobe of labellum white with purple lines, elliptic, ca. 2.8 cm, apex entire |
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31 Zingiber yunnanense |
| + |
Central lobe of labellum yellowish white, oblanceolate, ca. 2 cm, apex purple or red, 3-toothed |
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32 Zingiber cochleariforme |
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| 34 (32) |
Calyx ca. 2.5 cm, apex subtruncate; central lobe of labellum broadly ovate |
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33 Zingiber leptorrhizum |
| + |
Calyx 1.1--1.4 cm, apex 2- or 3-toothed; central lobe of labellum fan-shaped or obovate. |
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(35) |
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| 35 (34) |
Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 15--27 × 1.8--3.5 cm; bracts purple; central lobe of labellum obovate, ca. 1 cm, lateral lobes ca. 0.3 cm |
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34 Zingiber lingyunense |
| + |
Leaf blade obovate, oblanceolate, or oblong, 1.5--35 × 1.2--7.5 cm; bracts green or white; central lobe of labellum fan-shaped, 1.7--2.5 cm, lateral lobes 1--1.5 cm |
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35 Zingiber simaoense |
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| 36 (30) |
Labellum yellow, at least centrally. |
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(37) |
| + |
Labellum red or purple. |
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(38) |
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| 37 (36) |
Labellum yellowish; corolla lobes linear, 3.5--4 × ca. 0.5 cm |
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36 Zingiber guangxiense |
| + |
Labellum yellow at center, white at margin; corolla lobes lanceolate, 2.7--3 × ca. 0.7 cm |
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37 Zingiber mioga |
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| 38 (36) |
Leaf blade 25--40 × 5--11 cm, abaxially appressed villous and glandular spotted |
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38 Zingiber longyanjiang |
| + |
Leaf blade 9--35 × 3--6 cm, abaxially glabrous except for slightly hairy midvein, rarely sparsely villous, not glandular spotted. |
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(39) |
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| 39 (38) |
Petiole ca. 2 mm, ligule 2--4 mm |
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39 Zingiber teres |
| + |
Petiole 3--12 mm, ligule 4--7 mm. |
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(40) |
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| 40 (39) |
Bracts broadly ovate or elliptic, pubescent; corolla lobes 3--3.5 cm |
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40 Zingiber striolatum |
| + |
Bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, glabrous; corolla lobes 2--2.1 cm. |
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(41) |
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| 41 (40) |
Petiole 10--17 mm; leaf blade abaxially sparsely villous; corolla tube ca. 2.6 cm |
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41 Zingiber gulinense |
| + |
Petiole 3--6 mm; leaf blade abaxially glabrous; corolla tube ca. 3.8 cm |
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42 Zingiber pleiostachyum |
