| 1 |
Fruit with 1–5 pyrenes; carpels bony when mature. |
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(2) |
| + |
Fruit a 1–5(–7)-loculed pome, each locule with 1 to many seeds; carpels leathery or papery when mature. |
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(6) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaves pinnate, leaflets small, entire; carpels 5. |
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13 Osteomeles |
| + |
Leaves simple, entire, serrate, or lobed; carpels 1–5. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaves entire; branches unarmed. |
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(4) |
| + |
Leaves serrate or lobed, rarely entire; branches usually spiny. |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Carpel 1, inserted at base of hypanthium, usually exserted from fleshy hypanthium when mature. |
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9 Dichotomanthes |
| + |
Carpels 2–5, wholly to mostly united with hypanthium. |
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10 Cotoneaster |
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| 5 (3) |
Plant evergreen; carpels 5, with 2 fertile ovules per carpel. |
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11 Pyracantha |
| + |
Plant deciduous, rarely semievergreen; carpels 1–5, with 1 fertile ovule per carpel. |
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12 Crataegus |
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| 6 (1) |
Inflorescence compound-corymbose or paniculate, rarely umbellate, many flowered. |
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(7) |
| + |
Inflorescence umbellate or racemose, sometimes flowers fascicled or solitary. |
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(11) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaves simple or compound, plant usually deciduous; pulp of fruit heterogeneous (with large prominent stone cells) to homogeneous (without stone cells). |
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18 Sorbus |
| + |
Leaves simple, plant evergreen or deciduous; pulp of fruit homogeneous. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Carpels partly free; ovary semi-inferior; inflorescence a compound corymb. |
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(9) |
| + |
Carpels wholly connate; ovary inferior; inflorescence a panicle or raceme. |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Ovary in fruit free to middle; endocarp dehiscent when mature; leaves entire or minutely serrate. |
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14 Stranvaesia |
| + |
Ovary in fruit only free apically or to 1/3 length; endocarp not dehiscent; leaves serrate, rarely entire. |
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15 Photinia |
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| 10 (8) |
Sepals persistent in fruit; inflorescence paniculate, rarely racemose; leaves with excurrent lateral veins; carpels (2 or)3–5. |
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16 Eriobotrya |
| + |
Sepals caducous in fruit; inflorescence racemose, rarely paniculate; leaves with curved lateral veins; carpels 2(or 3). |
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17 Rhaphiolepis |
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| 11 (6) |
Carpels 3- to many seeded. |
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(12) |
| + |
Carpels 1- or 2-seeded. |
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(14) |
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| 12 (11) |
Styles free; branches inermous; leaves entire. |
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19 Cydonia |
| + |
Styles connate at base; branches sometimes spiny; leaves serrate or entire. |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Calyx densely pubescent abaxially, with persistent lobes; ovules 3–10 per locule; flowers fascicled or 2–5 in umbellate inflorescence. |
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20 Docynia |
| + |
Calyx glabrous abaxially, with caducous lobes; ovules many per locule; flowers solitary or fascicled. |
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21 Chaenomeles |
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| 14 (11) |
Ovary and fruit incompletely 6–10-loculed, with 1 ovule per locule. |
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24 Amelanchier |
| + |
Ovary and fruit 2–5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Plant evergreen; flowers in erect racemes or sometimes panicles; fruit black, smaller, 2-loculed, with caducous sepals. |
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17 Rhaphiolepis |
| + |
Plant deciduous; flowers in umbel-like racemes; fruit yellow, yellowish green, red, or brown, larger, 2–5-loculed, with persistent or caducous sepals. |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Styles free; fruit usually pear-shaped, with numerous grit cells; inflorescence corymbose-racemose. |
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22 Pyrus |
| + |
Styles connate basally; fruit usually apple-shaped, without or with few grit cells; inflorescence a fascicle. |
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23 Malus |
