1 |
Capitula disciform or discoid |
|
(2) |
+ |
Capitula radiate |
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(17) |
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2 (1) |
Capitula globose to rounded or oblong; involucres patelliform or hemispheric; receptacles globose to hemispheric or obconic, often swollen, or cup- or funnel-shaped peripherally, convex centrally, rarely flat or convex (Thespis); pappus absent or coroniform, rarely of 6-13 short, coarse bristles (Thespis); herbs annual, rarely perennial |
|
(3) |
+ |
Capitula cup-shaped; involucres hemispheric or campanulate to turbinate or cylindric; receptacles flat or ± convex, or hemispheric-flattened or hemispheric-conic to lenticular-knobby; pappus of bristles (usually numerous, usually long); herbs perennial or annual, sometimes woody vines |
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(7) |
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3 (2) |
Marginal floret corolla minutely tubular or absent; pappus of 6-13 short, coarse bristles; receptacles flat or convex; leaves unlobed. |
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120 Thespis |
+ |
Marginal floret corolla with filiform tube and/or lamina present; pappus absent or coroniform; receptacles globose to hemispheric or obconic, often swollen, or cup- or funnel-shaped peripherally, convex centrally; leaves often lyrately lobed or lobed, sometimes unlobed |
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(4) |
|
|
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4 (3) |
Herbs prostrate; involucres patelliform |
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(5) |
+ |
Herbs erect; involucres hemispheric |
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(6) |
|
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5 (4) |
Marginal female florets cylindric-linear, funnel-shaped, or ovoid to urceolate, 2- or 3-lobed; disk florets functionally male; synflorescences racemiform or paniculiform, rarely solitary capitula. |
|
116 Dichrocephala |
+ |
Marginal female florets tubular, outer 2-lobed, inner 3- or 4-lobed; disk florets bisexual; synflorescences solitary capitula or laxly corymbiform. |
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118 Grangea |
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6 (4) |
Leaves pinnatifid or pinnatisect; receptacles cup-shaped or funnel-shaped peripherally (female), slightly convex centrally (disk); marginal female floret lamina none (outer) or short, narrowly funnelform (inner), 2-lobed, purple; disk florets 5-lobed; achenes oblong to ± fusiform, not ribbed. |
|
117 Cyathocline |
+ |
Leaves sometimes lyrate, sometimes lobed, or not lobed; receptacles convex, hemispheric or globose; ray floret lamina small, rounded, ovate or linear, white to purplish; disk florets 4-lobed; achenes narrowly obovoid, 2-ribbed. |
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119 Myriactis |
|
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7 (2) |
Capitula discoid |
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(8) |
+ |
Capitula disciform |
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(10) |
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8 (7) |
Achenes obovoid; leaves eglandular (or sometimes stipitate glandular); capitula solitary at ends of branches, sometimes forming open paniculate-corymbiform synflorescences; disk floret lobes unequal. |
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139 Aster |
+ |
Achenes oblong or lanceolate; leaves gland-dotted or not; capitula in dense or loose corymbiform synflorescences, rarely solitary; disk floret lobes equal |
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(9) |
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9 (8) |
Involucres broadly obconic to campanulate or hemispheric, phyllaries 1-3-veined; leaves sometimes 3-veined; rhizomes robust. |
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125 Galatella |
+ |
Involucres shortly cylindric or sometimes obconic, phyllary midvein ± distinct; leaves 1-veined; rhizomes slender. |
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126 Crinitina |
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10 (7) |
Woody vines, climbing; achenes angled, 3-ribbed. |
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122 Microglossa |
+ |
Herbs perennial or annual, climbing or erect; achenes compressed, flattened or cylindric, 2-4- or more ribbed or many veined (if 3-ribbed and angled then usually on ray only and disk achenes 2-ribbed) |
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(11) |
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11 (10) |
Capitula solitary or 2-4-fascicled at ends of branches, shortly pedunculate or sessile; disk corolla lobes unequal, outer 2 longer; herbs perennial, climbing or erect. |
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134 Heteroplexis |
+ |
Capitula terminal, solitary or few, or in racemiform, paniculiform, or corymbiform synflorescences, pedunculate; disk corolla lobes equal; herbs perennial or annual, erect |
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(12) |
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12 (11) |
Herbs annual, eglandular, glabrous (leaf margin ciliate). |
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144 Symphyotrichum |
+ |
Herbs annual or perennial, glandular (sometimes eglandular), hairy |
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(13) |
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13 (12) |
Involucres urceolate or subcylindric. |
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141 Erigeron |
+ |
Involucres campanulate to hemispheric-campanulate |
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(14) |
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14 (13) |
Disk florets functionally male (sterile); phyllaries 2- or 3-seriate. |
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135 Psychrogeton |
+ |
Disk florets bisexual (fertile); phyllaries 3- or 4-seriate |
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(15) |
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15 (14) |
Phyllaries subequal; disk floret limb shortly funnelform; achenes oblanceolate, flattened. |
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136 Neobrachyactis |
+ |
Phyllaries imbricate (unequal); disk floret limb funnelform; achenes oblong, compressed |
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(16) |
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16 (15) |
Female florets elaminate; pappus 1-seriate; synflorescences corymbiform, sometimes glomerate, glomerate-paniculiform, or paniculiform. |
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121 Eschenbachia |
+ |
Female florets laminate, lamina short, filiform; pappus ± 2-seriate, outer very short, slender; synflorescences densely compound-corymbiform (see species incertae sedis after Eschenbachia). |
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Conyza stricta
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17 (1) |
Ray floret lamina yellow, orange, red, or brownish |
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(18) |
+ |
Ray floret lamina white, pink, purple, or blue |
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(23) |
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18 (17) |
Small shrubs; pappus 3-seriate, outermost of 6 broad scales, inner (absent in disk florets) of flattened bristles, innermost of strongly clavate bristles; leaf blade pinnatilobed; receptacles fimbriate. |
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133 Formania |
+ |
Herbs perennial, sometimes biennial or annual, or subshrubs; pappus 1-3-seriate, outer few short bristles or scales, inner series of bristles, innermost sometimes ± clavate, or only short scales; leaf blade subpinnatifid or unlobed; receptacles naked |
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(19) |
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19 (18) |
Disk florets functionally male (sterile) |
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(20) |
+ |
Disk florets bisexual (fertile) |
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(21) |
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20 (19) |
Capitula ± large; phyllaries unequal to equal; herbage sometimes or partly long white lanate or cottony; achenes 8-10-veined; pappus bristles long barbellate. |
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115 Nannoglottis |
+ |
Capitula medium-sized to small; phyllaries imbricate; herbage white tomentose to lanate, sessile to short-stipitate glandular; achenes 2-ribbed; pappus bristles barbellate. |
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135 Psychrogeton |
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21 (19) |
Plants resinous; phyllaries looped or hooked; pappus of few deciduous scales or awns. |
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143 Grindelia |
+ |
Plants not resinous; phyllaries ± appressed; pappus 1-3-seriate, outer few short bristles or scales, inner series of bristles |
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(22) |
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22 (21) |
Capitula numerous in terminal racemiform, paniculiform, or corymbose-paniculiform synflorescences; achenes obconic to cylindric, sometimes ± compressed, 8-10-veined. |
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140 Solidago |
+ |
Capitula solitary; achenes oblong, compressed, 2(-4)-veined. |
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141 Erigeron |
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23 (17) |
Pappus absent (that of disk sometimes 1-seriate short scales in Aster) |
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(24) |
+ |
Pappus present (rarely absent on ray achene only in Erigeron) |
|
(27) |
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24 (23) |
Herbs scapiform, leaves basal, sometimes rosulate |
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(25) |
+ |
Herbs erect, leaves basal (often withered at anthesis) and cauline |
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(26) |
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25 (24) |
Phyllaries leaflike; receptacles swollen or conic; involucres hemispheric or broadly campanulate; ray florets 1-seriate; disk florets bisexual (fertile), numerous; achenes not beaked, strigillose. |
|
123 Bellis |
+ |
Phyllaries membranous; receptacles flat or convex; involucres campanulate; ray florets 3- or 4-seriate; disk florets functionally male (sterile), few; achenes shortly beaked, apically glandular. |
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130 Lagenophora |
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26 (24) |
Herbs biennial (winter annual); ray florets 3; disk florets few, functionally male (sterile); disk achene pappus absent; ray achenes 3-ribbed. |
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137 Sheareria |
+ |
Herbs perennial; ray florets numerous; disk florets numerous, bisexual (fertile); disk achene pappus absent or 1-seriate short scales; achenes 2-5- or more ribbed. |
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139 Aster |
|
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27 (23) |
Pappus 1-seriate, of caducous, barbellate, spiniform bristles; disk florets functionally male (sterile); achenes 3-ribbed, slightly winged. |
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131 Calotis |
+ |
Pappus 1-4-seriate, of persistent (deciduous in Callistephus) barbellate bristles; disk florets bisexual (fertile); achenes 2- to many ribbed, not winged |
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(28) |
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28 (27) |
Outer phyllaries large, leaflike, inner scarious; pappus 3-seriate, outermost of persistent, short scales, inner 2 of deciduous bristles. |
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132 Callistephus |
+ |
Outer phyllaries leaflike (not large) or membranous, inner membranous; pappus 1-4-seriate, outermost of short setae or sometimes scales, inner of persistent (sometimes deciduous) bristles |
|
(29) |
|
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29 (28) |
Ray florets sterile; achene ribs indistinct; leaf blades often gland-dotted. |
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125 Galatella |
+ |
Ray florets female, fertile; achene ribs distinct; leaf blades eglandular or sessile or stipitate glandular (not gland-dotted) |
|
(30) |
|
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30 (29) |
Subshrubs, strongly branched; leaf margins often revolute; phyllaries leathery. |
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127 Asterothamnus |
+ |
Herbs perennial, biennial, or annual; leaf margins flat (rarely revolute); phyllaries membranous or leaflike |
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(31) |
|
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31 (30) |
Pappus conspicuously elongating after anthesis; herbs annual. |
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124 Tripolium |
+ |
Pappus not elongating after anthesis; herbs perennial, sometimes annual or biennial |
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(32) |
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32 (31) |
Leaves basal, linear; achenes slightly veined, densely sericeous, eglandular; capitula solitary. |
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128 Arctogeron |
+ |
Leaves basal and cauline (sometimes reduced, then basal not linear); achenes ribbed or veined, glabrous or sparsely to densely strigillose, glandular or eglandular; capitula in synflorescences or solitary |
|
(33) |
|
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33 (32) |
Achenes 7-10-veined; stems ascending, villous, eglandular. |
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142 Eurybia |
+ |
Achenes 2-6-ribbed or -veined; stems usually erect, sometimes prostrate, glabrous or hairy, glandular or eglandular |
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(34) |
|
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34 (33) |
Disk corollas ± zygomorphic (1 lobe deeper) |
|
(35) |
+ |
Disk corollas actinomorphic |
|
(36) |
|
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35 (34) |
Herbs perennial, caespitose; basal leaves numerous (persistent); receptacle shallowly alveolate, naked. |
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138 Rhinactinidia |
+ |
Herbs perennial, biennial, or annual, not caespitose, or rarely shrubs; basal leaves withered by anthesis; receptacle alveolate, fimbriate. |
|
139 Aster |
|
|
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36 (34) |
Capitula small, numerous in dense corymbiform synflorescences; stems densely glandular; disk corolla limb shortly funnelform; achenes ovoid |
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129 Turczaninovia |
+ |
Capitula small or medium-sized, solitary or few to numerous in corymbiform, racemiform, or paniculiform synflorescences; stems ± glandular or eglandular; disk corolla limb cylindric to funnelform or campanulate; achenes oblong or obovoid to oblanceoloid |
|
(37) |
|
|
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37 (36) |
Disk floret limb cylindric to narrowly funnelform; phyllary midvein reddish or orange. |
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141 Erigeron |
+ |
Disk floret limb campanulate to funnelform; phyllary midvein not reddish or orange |
|
(38) |
|
|
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38 (37) |
Herbs perennial, sometimes annual, biennial, or shrubs, glandular or eglandular, glabrous or hairy; involucres hemispheric to campanulate, sometimes obconic; capitula solitary or in corymbiform, sometimes paniculiform synflorescences; achenes oblong or obovoid, compressed, 2-4(-7)-ribbed, glandular or eglandular. |
|
139 Aster |
+ |
Herbs perennial or annual, eglandular, glabrous (except distally in lines); involucres campanulate or cylindric; capitula in paniculiform synflorescences; achenes oblanceoloid, ± compressed, 2-6-veined, eglandular. |
|
144 Symphyotrichum |
|