| 1 |
Capitula homogamous; all florets bisexual |
|
(2) |
| + |
Capitula heterogamous; outer florets female or sterile, inner florets bisexual |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Middle phyllaries apically rounded, with a narrow hyaline margin or with a scarious appendage |
|
(3) |
| + |
Middle phyllaries apically acute or acuminate, without an appendage or with a simple spine, spinule, or subulate tip |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Involucre 3-6 cm in diam., or if involucre smaller then pappus elements pinnate at apex and persistent. |
|
35 Rhaponticum |
| + |
Involucre 1-2.5 cm in diam. and pappus elements serrulate and easily falling off. |
|
41 Plagiobasis |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (2) |
Outer phyllaries leaflike or with a leaflike appendage. |
|
48 Carthamus |
| + |
All phyllaries ± leathery and without a leaflike appendage but often apicalmost leaves approximate to capitulum |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Annuals; pappus elements of two types (i.e., innermost bristle or bristles wider and longer than others) |
|
(6) |
| + |
Perennials; pappus elements all ± of one type |
|
(7) |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (5) |
Middle phyllaries with an apical spinule; stems mostly branched from base and branches procumbent or ascending. |
|
36 Oligochaeta |
| + |
Middle phyllaries without apical spinule; stems erect and branched only in apical part. |
|
42 Russowia |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (5) |
Middle phyllaries 0.5-1 mm wide, subulate or narrowly ovate, apex attenuate into long subulate tip. |
|
39 Tricholepis |
| + |
Middle phyllaries 1-6 mm wide, narrowly triangular or narrowly ovate, apex with or without a short apical spinule |
|
(8) |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (7) |
Stem virgately branched, terminal branches densely foliate up to capitulum. |
|
38 Archiserratula |
| + |
Stem simple or branched, terminal branches sparsely foliate or leafless. |
|
37 Klasea |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (1) |
Outer and middle phyllaries with a fimbriate, spiny, scarious, or hyaline appendage |
|
(10) |
| + |
Outer and middle phyllaries without an appendage but sometimes with a spinule and/or hyaline margin |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Appendage of middle phyllaries fimbriate, long decurrent almost to base; bisexual florets violet-blue. |
|
49 Cyanus |
| + |
Appendage of middle phyllaries fimbriate, lacerate, or entire, not or only shortly decurrent; bisexual florets purple, pink, white, or yellow |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (10) |
Leaves densely tomentose especially on abaxial side. |
|
46 Psephellus |
| + |
Leaves glabrous or with various pubescence types but not densely tomentose |
|
(12) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Leaf blade margin argutely toothed; longitudinal striae of middle phyllaries conspicuous. |
|
45 Rhaponticoides |
| + |
Leaf blade margin entire, coarsely dentate, or spinose; longitudinal striae of middle phyllaries inconspicuous or lacking. |
|
50 Centaurea |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (9) |
Apex of middle phyllaries broadly rounded |
|
(14) |
| + |
Apex of middle phyllaries acute or acuminate |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Pappus elements scalelike; plants annual or biennial. |
|
40 Amberboa |
| + |
Pappus elements bristlelike; plants perennial |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Corolla pink to purplish; leaf blade undivided but margin serrate. |
|
41 Plagiobasis |
| + |
Corolla yellow to yellowish; leaf blade pinnatisect, pinnate, or bipinnatisect. |
|
45 Rhaponticoides |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (13) |
Perennials; phyllaries lanate or velvety. |
|
44 Serratula |
| + |
Annuals; phyllaries glabrous or subglabrous |
|
(17) |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (16) |
Leaf blade margin spiny; dwarf plants less than 20 cm tall. |
|
43 Schischkinia |
| + |
Leaf blade margin serrate-dentate, not spiny; erect plants 20-60 cm tall. |
|
47 Crupina |
