| 1 |
Labellum slipper-shaped. Fertile anthers two |
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1 Cypripedium |
| + |
Labellum not slipper-shaped. Fertile anther one |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Plants saprophytic, leafless or autotrophic with
rudimentary leaves. Stem with pale brown or greenish-sheaths |
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(3) |
| + |
Plants autotrophic, with well-developed green leaves |
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(7) |
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| 3 (2) |
Sepals and petals fused, bell-shaped |
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18 Gastrodia |
| + |
Sepals and petals free, ± spreading |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Flowers reversed (resupinated); labellum facing downwards |
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(5) |
| + |
Flowers not reversed; labellum facing upwards |
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4 Epipogium |
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| 5 (4) |
Rhizome short, with cluster of fleshy roots Labellum green to dark olive-green |
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2 Neottia |
| + |
Rhizome creeping and branched. Labellum whitish with red spots |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Rhizome much coralloid-branched. Inflorescence up to 12-flowered. Flowers pendent, small; sepals c.5 mm long |
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24 Corallorrhiza |
| + |
Rhizome thick, not much branched. Inflorescence 2-5(-8)-flowered. Flowers erect-spreading, large; sepals c. 25 mm long |
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25 Cymbidium |
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| 7 (2) |
Plants with palmate tuberoids |
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(8) |
| + |
Plants with entire tuberoids, tuberous corms or rhizomes |
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(10) |
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| 8 (7) |
Spur saccate, much shorter than ovary, c. 2 mm long |
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12 Coeloglossum |
| + |
Spur cylindric, ± as long as ovary, c.8-12 mm long |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Viscid glands of pollinia enclosed in a pouch(bursicula) |
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9 Dactylorhiza |
| + |
Viscid glands of pollinia without pouch |
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10 Gymnadenia |
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| 10 (7) |
Plants with entire tuberoids or tuberous corms |
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(11) |
| + |
Plants with rhizomes |
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(16) |
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| 11 (10) |
Labellum without spur, sometimes ± conically hollowed at base |
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(12) |
| + |
Labellum with l or 2 spurs |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaves solitary or few, spathulate or lanceolate to linear, contemporaneous with flowers on terminal inflorescence |
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11 Herminium |
| + |
Leaf 1, petiolate, roundish, cordate at base, appearing after inflorescence-bearing stem scape |
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19 Nervilia |
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| 13 (11) |
Flowers not reversed; labellum facing upwards with 2 spurs |
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16 Satyrium |
| + |
Flowers reversed; labellum facing downwards with 1 spur |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Stigma 2 on distinct processes |
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13 Habenaria |
| + |
Stigma sessile, cushion-like, ± confluent |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Flowers small, 2-3 mm in diameter. Spur 1 mm long. Anther-canals short. Staminodes filiform-elongate |
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14 Diphylax |
| + |
Flowers large, 6-10 cm in diameter. Spur more than 8 mm long. Anther-canals ± elongated. Staminodes small, globose |
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15 Pecteilis |
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| 16 (10) |
Labellum divided in hypochile and epichile |
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(17) |
| + |
Labellum entire or lobed |
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(18) |
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| 17 (16) |
Ovary with short twisted pedicel; flowers ± pendulous |
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6 Epipactis |
| + |
Ovary ± sessile; flowers erect |
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5 Cephalanthera |
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| 18 (16) |
Base of stem, thickened into leafy corm (pseudobulb) |
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(19) |
| + |
Base of stem not thickened |
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(21) |
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| 19 (18) |
Plants robust. Leaves 2-4, papery. Flowers showy, lilac or orange-red and white |
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26 Calanthe |
| + |
Plants slender. Leaves 4-8, membranaceous. Flowers small, unpretentious, green or greenish-lilac |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Flowers reversed; labellum facing downwards. Column slender, elongate, c. 5 mm |
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20 Liparis |
| + |
Flowers not reversed; labellum facing upwards. Column very short, cylindric, c.0.5 mm |
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21 Malaxis |
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| 21 (18) |
Roots fusiform-fleshy. Flowers spirally arranged in a single row on twisted axis |
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17 Spiranthes |
| + |
Roots fibrous. Flowers on a straight axis, not spirally arranged |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Rhizome elongated into irregularly shaped ovoid or oblong corm. Flowering stem(scape) separate from leaf-bearing stem, both arising from the corm |
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(23) |
| + |
Rhizome not tuberous. Leaves and flowers on terminal inflorescence |
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(24) |
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| 23 (22) |
Pollinia 2. Leaves produced with (E.graminea) or after the flowers |
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23 Eulophia |
| + |
Pollinia 4. Leaves produced with the flowers |
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22 Oreorchis |
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| 24 (22) |
Rhizome repent. Leaves ± radical, petiolate, reticulate-nerved. Flowers ± secund |
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7 Goodyera |
| + |
Rhizome short, ascendent. Leaves cauline, not petiolate, parallel-nerved. Flowers on all sides |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Leaves two, broad, subopposite in about the middle of the stem |
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3 Listera |
| + |
Leaves numerous, linear-lanceolate, very much crowded |
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8 Zeuxine |
