| 1 | 
  Corolla 9-12 mm long. Calyx lobes 3-5 mm long | 
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  (2) | 
  | + | 
  Corolla up to 4 mm long. Calyx lobes c. 1.5 mm long | 
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  (3) | 
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  | 2 (1) | 
  Nutlets 8-10 mm long. Throat scales of corolla crescent-shaped, apex bilobed | 
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  1 Mattiastrum asperum | 
  | + | 
  Nutlets 6-7 mm long. Throat and scales of corolla oblong | 
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  2 Mattiastrum karakoricum | 
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  | 3 (1) | 
  Basal leaves (90-) 100-130 x 25-40 mm ovate to obovate | 
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  5 Mattiastrum thomsonii | 
  | + | 
  Basal leaves smaller, oblanceolate to oblong-spathulate | 
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  (4) | 
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  | 4 (3) | 
  Wing of nutlets with teeth not glochidiate at margin | 
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  6 Mattiastrum tibeticum | 
  | + | 
  Wing of nutlets with teeth glochidiate at the margin | 
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  (5) | 
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  | 5 (4) | 
  Basal leaves few, 1-2, 8-15(-17) x 1.5-2 mm. Nutlets 2-4 mm long | 
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  7 Mattiastrum bungei | 
  | + | 
  Basal leaves many, 40-90 x 5-16 mm. Nutlets 5-8 mm long | 
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  (6) | 
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  | 6 (5) | 
  Plants with suberect hairs only. Fruiting pedicels 3-6 mm long. Style 1.5-2.mm long | 
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  4 Mattiastrum howardii | 
  | + | 
  Plants with both appressed and subpatent hairs. Fruiting pedicels 1-2 mm long. Style up to 1 mm long | 
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  3 Mattiastrum himalayense |