1	Leaves 1--3, linear to orbicular-ovate, base usually narrowed into a petiole; ovary base often constricted into a short stipe; ovules 1 per locule.		(2)
+	Leaves several, lorate or linear, cross section semiterete or terete, solid or fistulose, base usually not narrowed into a petiole; ovules 2 to several per locule; if leaf base narrowed into a petiole or ovules 1 per locule then bulb tunic never distinctly reticulate.		(7)
2 (1)	Leaf 1, long petiolate, ovate to broadly elliptic-ovate, base cordate		4 Allium funckiifolium
+	Leaves 2 or 3.		(3)
3 (2)	Outer perianth segments narrower than inner ones.		(4)
+	Outer perianth segments as wide as or wider than inner ones.		(5)
4 (3)	Base of leaf blade cuneate, decurrent		1 Allium victorialis
+	Base of leaf blade rounded to cordate, not decurrent		2 Allium listera
5 (3)	Scape shorter than leaves, 2--5 cm, covered with leaf sheaths for 3/4--4/5 its length		5 Allium nanodes
+	Scape longer than leaves, 10--60 cm, covered with leaf sheaths only at base.		(6)
6 (5)	Leaves lanceolate-oblong to ovate-oblong, base rounded to cordate, petiole distinct		3 Allium ovalifolium
+	Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic-oblanceolate, or rarely narrowly elliptic, base narrowed, petiole indistinct		6 Allium prattii
7 (1)	Roots thick and fleshy, sometimes subtuberous; leaves with distinct midvein; scape usually 2- or 3-angled; ovules 1 or 2 per locule.		(8)
+	Roots thin; leaves without distinct midvein; scape terete or several angled; ovules 2 to several per locule.		(17)
8 (7)	Ovules 1 per locule (in A. omeiense a few ovaries in same umbel with 2 ovules per locule).		(9)
+	Ovules 2 per locule.		(13)
9 (8)	Umbel laxly fascicled, few flowered; pedicels unequal; style much shorter than ovary; stigma 3-cleft		16 Allium trifurcatum
+	Umbel hemispheric to globose, many flowered; pedicels equal; style equaling or longer than ovary; stigma entire, punctiform.		(10)
10 (9)	Scape terminal		7 Allium guanxianense
+	Scape lateral.		(11)
11 (10)	Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, distinctly contracted at base; filaments longer than perianth segments		8 Allium xiangchengense
+	Leaves linear or lorate to lorate-oblanceolate, not contracted at base; filaments shorter than to subequaling perianth segments.		(12)
12 (11)	Perianth segments 4--7.5 mm, free; filaments slightly shorter than to subequaling perianth segments		9 Allium hookeri
+	Perianth segments 9--11 mm, connate at base into a tube ca. 1 mm; filaments ca. 1/2 as long as perianth segments		10 Allium omeiense
13 (8)	Perianth yellow, segments united for ca. 1 mm at base		11 Allium chienchuanense
+	Perianth white, red, purple-red, or dark purple, segments free.		(14)
14 (13)	Filaments connate into a tube for 2/3--3/4 their length		15 Allium cyathophorum
+	Filaments connate only at base.		(15)
15 (14)	Perianth white, segments lanceolate, apex acuminate or irregularly 2-lobed		12 Allium fasciculatum
+	Perianth red, purple-red, or dark purple, rarely whitish, segments oblong, narrowly so, or ovate-oblong, apex retuse, truncate, or obtuse.		(16)
16 (15)	Perianth stellately spreading, reflexed after anthesis, inner and outer segments similar; pedicels straight		13 Allium wallichii
+	Perianth campanulate, not reflexed after anthesis, inner segments somewhat longer and narrower than outer ones; pedicels nodding at apex		14 Allium macranthum
17 (7)	Bulb usually solitary, globose, ovoid-globose, or ovoid (if cylindric to ovoid-cylindric, then leaves thick, terete, and fistulose); rhizomes obscure.		(18)
+	Bulbs usually several in a cluster, cylindric, conical, or ovoid-cylindric, rarely ovoid; rhizomes well developed.		(60)
18 (17)	Leaves usually thick, terete, fistulose, smooth.		(19)
+	Leaves slender, flat, triangular-flat, semiterete, or rarely terete, fistulose.		(29)
19 (18)	Bulb flattened globose, globose, or ovoid-globose, rarely cylindric with thickened base; base of inner filaments 1-toothed on each side (if entire, then scape often undeveloped).		(20)
+	Bulb cylindric to ovoid-cylindric; filaments entire.		(23)
20 (19)	Scape solid		100 Allium galanthum
+	Scape fistulose.		(21)
21 (20)	Scape developed; plants propagated by seeds or bulblets		98 Allium cepa
+	Scape usually undeveloped; plants propagated by bulbs.		(22)
22 (21)	Bulb ovoid-globose to ovoid		99 Allium cepiforme
+	Bulb narrowly ovoid or cylindric-ovoid		98 Allium cepa
23 (19)	Filaments shorter than perianth segments, connate into a tube for 1/3--3/4 their length		102 Allium atrosanguineum
+	Filaments shorter or longer than perianth segments, connate only at base.		(24)
24 (23)	Perianth pale red, pale purple, or purple-red.		(25)
+	Perianth yellow to white.		(27)
25 (24)	Pedicels unequal, shorter than to nearly as long as perianth; filaments 1/3--1/2(--2/3) as long as perianth segments		103 Allium schoenoprasum
+	Pedicels subequal, 1.5--3 × as long as perianth; filaments slightly shorter than to longer than perianth segments.		(26)
26 (25)	Perianth rose pink or dark pink; filaments slightly shorter than to equaling perianth segments		105 Allium maximowiczii
+	Perianth pale purple; filaments longer than perianth segments		106 Allium ledebourianum
27 (24)	Leaves and scape ± thin, to 5 mm thick; perianth yellow or pale yellow		95 Allium chrysanthum
+	Leaves and scape robust, more than 5 mm thick; perianth white or yellowish white.		(28)
28 (27)	Bulb ovoid-cylindric, robust, tunic red-brown, thinly leathery; perianth yellowish white; pedicels slightly shorter than to 2 × as long as perianth		96 Allium altaicum
+	Bulb cylindric, tunic usually white, rarely light red-brown, membranous; perianth white; pedicels 2--3 × as long as perianth		97 Allium fistulosum
29 (18)	Ovules 4 or more per locule.		(30)
+	Ovules 2 per locule.		(38)
30 (29)	Perianth segments united into a tube proximally.		(31)
+	Perianth segments free.		(33)
31 (30)	Scape (15--)20--50 cm; pedicels (4.5--)7--11 cm; perianth segments 7--10 mm; ovules (5 or)6(--8) per locule		137 Allium neriniflorum
+	Scape 15--30(--40) cm; pedicels 0.8--4(--7) cm; perianth segments 5--7(--8) mm; ovules (3 or)4 per locule, rarely 1 or 2 locules with 5 or 6 ovules.		(32)
32 (31)	Perianth red to purple		135 Allium tubiflorum
+	Perianth white		136 Allium inutile
33 (30)	Filaments connate and adnate to perianth segments for 1/2--2/3 their length.		(34)
+	Filaments connate and adnate to perianth segments only at base.		(35)
34 (33)	Leaves linear, 4--6(--8) mm wide; perianth cupular, segments broadly elliptic, 8--11 × 4--4.5 mm		129 Allium oreophilum
+	Leaves broadly linear, (5--)10--25 mm wide; perianth narrowly campanulate, segments linear-oblong, 7--10(--15) × 2.5--3 mm		134 Allium winklerianum
35 (33)	Leaves 1(or 2); perianth segments 6--6.5 mm, without strong midvein; ovary stipitate		133 Allium fetisowii
+	Leaves (1 or)2 or 3; perianth segments 4.5--5.5 mm, with strong midvein; ovary sessile.		(36)
36 (35)	Perianth red to purple-red		132 Allium robustum
+	Perianth white or whitish lilac to lilac-pink.		(37)
37 (36)	Leaves 1--1.5(--2) cm wide, apex gradually attenuate		130 Allium tulipifolium
+	Leaves 0.7--1.5 cm wide, apex acute		131 Allium roborowskianum
38 (29)	Inner filaments 1-toothed on each side at base, apex of tooth long filiform and longer than anther-bearing cusp of filament.		(39)
+	Inner filaments entire or, if 1-toothed on each side, apex of tooth not filiform and never longer than anther-bearing cusp of filament.		(40)
39 (38)	Umbel with flowers only; filaments longer than perianth segments		127 Allium porrum
+	Umbel with both flowers and bulblets; filaments shorter than perianth segments		128 Allium sativum
40 (38)	Perianth blue, usually becoming bluish purple when dried.		(41)
+	Perianth white, pale red, red, purple-red, purple, or pale green.		(42)
41 (40)	Leaves flat, abaxially 1-angled, usually twisted when dried		122 Allium caeruleum
+	Leaves semiterete, not twisted when dried		123 Allium caesium
42 (40)	Filaments not more than 2/3 as long as perianth segments.		(43)
+	Filaments more than 2/3 as long as perianth segments.		(45)
43 (42)	Pedicels ca. 3 × as long as perianth		126 Allium jacquemontii
+	Pedicels shorter than or subequaling perianth.		(44)
44 (43)	Scape 10--15(--20) cm; perianth segments obtuse or attenuate at apex; broadened part of inner filaments with 1 small tooth on each side		124 Allium schoenoprasoides
+	Scape (15--)25--40 cm; perianth segments acute at apex; broadened part of inner filaments entire		125 Allium sairamense
45 (42)	Plants dioecious; female flowers 1 per scape; male flowers 2--4(or 5) per scape		138 Allium monanthum
+	Plants not dioecious; flowers bisexual, more than 2 per scape.		(46)
46 (45)	Pedicels ebracteolate or only a few bracteolate at base.		(47)
+	All pedicels subtended by bracteoles.		(51)
47 (46)	Pedicels equaling or slightly longer than perianth; ovary without concave nectaries at base; filaments 2/3--3/4 as long as perianth segments		107 Allium grisellum
+	Pedicels more than 2 × as long as perianth; ovary with concave nectaries at base; filaments equaling or longer than perianth segments.		(48)
48 (47)	Leaves flat; pedicels unequal; inner filaments with a rounded, irregularly denticulate lobe on each side near base		112 Allium songpanicum
+	Leaves semiterete; pedicels equal or subequal; inner filaments entire or with an entire tooth on each side near base.		(49)
49 (48)	Ovary tuberculate; style slightly exserted		120 Allium pallasii
+	Ovary smooth; style conspicuously exserted.		(50)
50 (49)	Perianth pink to pale purple-red; filaments slightly longer than perianth segments		115 Allium eusperma
+	Perianth white; filaments ca. 2 × as long as perianth segments		116 Allium maowenense
51 (46)	Bulb tunic leathery, splitting along veins; perianth segments pale green with green midvein		117 Allium sabulosum
+	Bulb tunic membranous or papery, not splitting, or only apex splitting and becoming fibrous or reticulate; perianth segments white, pale red, red, or purple-red to dark purple, rarely pale green.		(52)
52 (51)	Bulb ovoid or narrowly so.		(53)
+	Bulb ovoid-globose to subglobose (if ovoid, then ovary with concave nectaries at base without hoodlike projections).		(57)
53 (52)	Leaves 3--5-angled in cross section, fistulose; scape lateral; base of inner filaments 1-toothed on each side		108 Allium chinense
+	Leaves semiterete or triangular in cross section, fistulose at least basally; base of inner filaments entire or occasionally 1-toothed on each side.		(54)
54 (53)	Leaves 1--2 mm wide, semiterete; perianth white or pale red, sometimes greenish.		(55)
+	Leaves 2--5 mm wide, 3-angled or -keeled to obscurely 3-angled; perianth red to purple or lilac-pink to red-violet.		(56)
55 (54)	Filaments slightly longer than to 1.5 × as long as perianth segments; ovary with concave nectaries at base covered by hoodlike projections		109 Allium yanchiense
+	Filaments shorter or slightly longer than perianth segments; ovary without concave nectaries at base		113 Allium juldusicola
56 (54)	Bulb tunic thinly leathery, split and becoming fibrous and subreticulate, rarely subentire; leaves keeled to obscurely 3-angled, rarely subfistulose near base; umbel globose, densely many flowered; perianth lilac-pink to red-violet		110 Allium sacculiferum
+	Bulb tunic membranous to scarious or subpapery, sometimes apex laciniate to fibrous; leaves 3-angled, subfistulose; umbel subfascicled to globose, laxly many flowered; perianth red to purple		111 Allium thunbergii
57 (52)	Pedicels equaling to slightly longer than perianth		119 Allium glomeratum
+	Pedicels more than 2 × as long as perianth.		(58)
58 (57)	Leaves 0.5--1.5 mm wide, terete; scape covered with leaf sheaths for 1/3--1/2 its length; ovary tuberculate		118 Allium delicatulum
+	Leaves 1--5 mm wide, flat, semiterete, or triangular-semiterete; scape covered with leaf sheaths for less than 1/3 its length; ovary smooth.		(59)
59 (58)	Leaves flat; umbel without bulblets; filaments 1.5--2 × as long as perianth segments		114 Allium tanguticum
+	Leaves semiterete or triangular-semiterete; umbel ± with bulblets; filaments shorter than perianth segments		121 Allium macrostemon
60 (17)	Bulb tunic reticulate, subreticulate, or laxly fibrous.		(61)
+	Bulb tunic entire, never reticulate or only apical part becoming fibrous.		(100)
61 (60)	Perianth pale blue to blue or purplish blue.		(62)
+	Perianth white, pale red, purple-red, purple, dark purple, or yellow.		(68)
62 (61)	Filaments shorter than perianth segments.		(63)
+	Filaments longer than perianth segments.		(65)
63 (62)	Perianth segments narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate-oblong, 11--14(--17) mm, margin entire; filaments usually ca. 4/5 as long as perianth segments; style usually 2--3 × as long as ovary		22 Allium beesianum
+	Perianth segments ovate or ovate-oblong, 6--10 mm, at least margin of inner ones irregularly denticulate; filaments usually 1/2--2/3 as long as perianth segments; style shorter than or subequaling ovary.		(64)
64 (63)	Perianth segments acuminate at apex, equal, irregularly denticulate at margin, rarely outer ones entire; leaves abaxially keeled, usually twisted when dry		23 Allium yuanum
+	Perianth segments obtuse at apex, inner ones longer and wider than outer, only inner ones irregularly denticulate at margin; leaves flat		24 Allium sikkimense
65 (62)	Leaves semiterete		25 Allium cyaneum
+	Leaves flat.		(66)
66 (65)	Pedicels extremely unequal, 2--4 × as long as perianth		28 Allium heteronema
+	Pedicels subequal, 1--2 × as long as perianth.		(67)
67 (66)	Bulb tunic reticulate; umbel laxly few flowered; pedicels 1.5--2 × as long as perianth; base of inner filaments with 1 short tooth on each side, apex of tooth entire		27 Allium henryi
+	Bulb tunic subreticulate; umbel densely many flowered; pedicels 1--1.5 × as long as perianth; base of inner filaments with 1 long tooth on each side, apex of tooth sometimes denticulate		31 Allium stenodon
68 (61)	Filaments more than 1.3 × as long as perianth segments.		(69)
+	Filaments less than 1.3 × as long as perianth segments.		(79)
69 (68)	Perianth segments basally united for 1.5--2 mm into a short tube; filaments basally connate for 1.5--2 mm and adnate to perianth segments		43 Allium siphonanthum
+	Perianth segments free; filaments connate only at base.		(70)
70 (69)	Bulb tunic usually red, distinctly reticulate; inner filaments broadened for 1/3--1/2 their length; ovary without concave nectaries at base		48 Allium przewalskianum
+	Bulb tunic never red, reticulate or fibrous; inner filaments broadened for ca. 1/3 their length; ovary with concave nectaries at base.		(71)
71 (70)	Perianth pale red or purple-red to purple.		(72)
+	Perianth white to pale yellow.		(77)
72 (71)	Bulb tunic fibrous, sometimes subreticulate; pedicels ebracteolate		30 Allium plurifoliatum
+	Bulb tunic reticulate; pedicels bracteolate at base.		(73)
73 (72)	Leaves semiterete		42 Allium clathratum
+	Leaves flat.		(74)
74 (73)	Inner filaments entire		37 Allium schrenkii
+	Inner filaments with 1 or 2 teeth on each side.		(75)
75 (74)	Perianth segments with red, slender midvein or without midvein; stigma punctiform		36 Allium lineare
+	Perianth segments with purple midvein; stigma capitate or subglobose.		(76)
76 (75)	Perianth pale lilac to pinkish lilac		40 Allium splendens
+	Perianth pink to pink-red		41 Allium maackii
77 (71)	Leaves 2--7 mm wide, flat; teeth of inner filaments entire		44 Allium flavidum
+	Leaves 1--5 mm wide, semiterete, fistulose; teeth of inner filaments sometimes irregularly 2--4-denticulate.		(78)
78 (77)	Leaves equaling to distinctly longer than scape; pedicels ebracteolate		46 Allium flavovirens
+	Leaves shorter than scape; pedicels bracteolate at base		45 Allium leucocephalum
79 (68)	Perianth yellow, later becoming red; filaments connate into tube for 3/5--4/5 their length		101 Allium semenovii
+	Perianth not yellow; filaments connate only basally or for 1/6--1/2 their length.		(80)
80 (79)	Inner filaments toothed at base.		(81)
+	Inner filaments entire at base.		(87)
81 (80)	Filaments ca. 1/2 as long as perianth segments		18 Allium forrestii
+	Filaments slightly shorter than or equaling perianth segments.		(82)
82 (81)	Leaves 3--5 mm wide, flat.		(83)
+	Leaves 0.25--1 mm wide, semiterete.		(84)
83 (82)	Filaments slightly longer than perianth segments; stigma punctiform		38 Allium amphibolum
+	Filaments slightly shorter than or equaling perianth segments		39 Allium strictum
84 (82)	Bulb tunic subreticulate; filaments connate into a tube for 1/6--1/2 their length, tube adnate to perianth segments for 1/3--1/2 its length.		(85)
+	Bulb tunic distinctly reticulate; filaments connate only at base.		(86)
85 (84)	Perianth segments 6--8.5 mm; filaments connate for 1/3--1/2 their length		54 Allium subangulatum
+	Perianth segments 3--6 mm; filaments connate for 1/6--1/3 their length		55 Allium polyrhizum
86 (84)	Pedicels bracteolate at base; perianth pale purple to purple; ovary without concave nectaries at base		47 Allium eduardii
+	Pedicels ebracteolate; perianth pale red; ovary with concave nectaries at base covered by hoodlike projections		26 Allium aciphyllum
87 (80)	Scape covered with leaf sheaths for 1/4--1/2 its length.		(88)
+	Scape covered with leaf sheaths only at base.		(91)
88 (87)	Pedicels subequal; leaves 2--5 mm wide		39 Allium strictum
+	Pedicels unequal; leaves 0.5--1 mm wide.		(89)
89 (88)	Bulb tunic distinctly reticulate		50 Allium tekesicola
+	Bulb tunic subreticulate.		(90)
90 (89)	Bulb tunic brown; inner filaments basally ca. 2 × as wide as outer ones, distally abruptly subulate; ovary with concave nectaries at base covered by hoodlike projections		88 Allium korolkowii
+	Bulb tunic yellowish brown; inner filaments basally ca. 3 × as wide as outer ones, distally gradually attenuate; ovary with small, concave nectaries at base not covered by hoodlike projections		49 Allium teretifolium
91 (87)	Bulb tunic reticulate or subreticulate; perianth white to pale red.		(92)
+	Bulb tunic fibrous or subreticulate at base; perianth dark purple, purple-red, or pale red.		(95)
92 (91)	Inner filaments broadly triangular, basally ca. 2 × as wide as outer ones; perianth segments with dark purple midvein		34 Allium oreoprasum
+	Inner filaments narrowly triangular, basally only slightly wider than outer ones; perianth segments without dark purple midvein.		(93)
93 (92)	Scape 5--15 cm; stigma slightly 3-cleft		35 Allium humile
+	Scape 25--60 cm; stigma punctiform.		(94)
94 (93)	Leaves flat, solid; perianth segments white, usually with green midvein		32 Allium tuberosum
+	Leaves triangular, abaxially keeled, fistulose; perianth segments white, rarely pale red, usually with pale red midvein		33 Allium ramosum
95 (91)	Inner filaments not broadened at base.		(96)
+	Inner filaments broadened at base.		(98)
96 (95)	Leaves 8--10 mm wide		21 Allium rhynchogynum
+	Leaves 1--3 mm wide.		(97)
97 (96)	Filaments 1/2--2/3 as long as perianth segments; ovary constricted at apex, without concave nectaries at base		17 Allium mairei
+	Filaments slightly shorter or longer than perianth segments; ovary not constricted at apex, with concave nectaries at base covered by narrow, hoodlike projections		20 Allium changduense
98 (95)	Leaves 1.5--3(--5) mm wide, flat; perianth purple to dark purple		18 Allium forrestii
+	Leaves 0.3--1.5 mm wide, semiterete to terete; perianth pale red to purple-red.		(99)
99 (98)	Leaves distinctly longer than scape; umbel laxly few flowered; perianth segments 3--3.5 mm; ovary with concave nectaries at base		92 Allium alabasicum
+	Leaves shorter than scape; umbel densely many flowered; perianth segments 6--9 mm; ovary without concave nectaries at base		51 Allium mongolicum
100 (60)	Filaments shorter than perianth segments, never more than 4/5 as long as perianth segments.		(101)
+	Filaments slightly shorter to longer than perianth segments.		(115)
101 (100)	Perianth blue.		(102)
+	Perianth white, pale red, purple-red, pale purple, purple, yellow, or bright yellow.		(104)
102 (101)	Perianth segments narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate-oblong, 11--14(--17) mm, margin entire; filaments usually ca. 4/5 as long as perianth segments; style usually 2--3 × as long as ovary		22 Allium beesianum
+	Perianth segments ovate or ovate-oblong, 6--10 mm, margin of at least inner ones irregularly denticulate; filaments usually 1/2--2/3 as long as perianth segments; style usually shorter than or subequaling ovary.		(103)
103 (102)	Perianth segments acuminate at apex, equal, irregularly denticulate at margin, rarely outer ones entire; leaves abaxially keeled, usually twisted when dry		23 Allium yuanum
+	Perianth segments obtuse at apex, inner ones longer and wider than outer, only inner ones irregularly denticulate at margin; leaves flat		24 Allium sikkimense
104 (101)	Perianth pale or bright yellow.		(105)
+	Perianth white, pale red, purple-red, pale purple, or purple.		(106)
105 (104)	Bulb cylindric; leaves slightly falcate, usually ca. 1/2 as long as or rarely subequaling scape, flat		79 Allium chrysocephalum
+	Bulb ovoid-globose to ovoid; leaves subequaling scape, semiterete		80 Allium herderianum
106 (104)	Filaments connate into an urceolate tube for 3/4--4/5 their length		61 Allium weschniakowii
+	Filaments connate only at base or for 1/3--1/2 their length.		(107)
107 (106)	Bulb tunic leathery; pedicels bracteolate at base; ovary with concave nectaries at base covered by hoodlike projections.		(108)
+	Bulb tunic membranous, papery, or thinly leathery; pedicels ebracteolate; ovary usually without concave nectaries at base (but present in A. pevtzovii).		(109)
108 (107)	Bulb tunic brown, apex becoming fibrous and somewhat subreticulate; pedicels unequal, 2--3 × as long as perianth in fruit		88 Allium korolkowii
+	Bulb tunic light yellowish brown, apex laciniate; pedicels subequal, 1--2 × as long as perianth in fruit		89 Allium setifolium
109 (107)	Perianth segments 2.8--5 mm, apex of inner ones truncate or rounded-truncate.		(110)
+	Perianth segments 6--18 mm, apex of inner ones obtuse or acuminate.		(112)
110 (109)	Pedicels unequal, 1.5--3.5 cm; perianth segments 3.9--5 mm		60 Allium anisopodium
+	Pedicels subequal, 0.5--1.5 cm; perianth segments 2.8--4.2 mm.		(111)
111 (110)	Bulb tunic laciniate; umbel hemispheric to globose, densely many flowered		59 Allium elegantulum
+	Bulb tunic splitting at apex; umbel hemispheric to fascicled, laxly flowered		58 Allium tenuissimum
112 (109)	Inner filaments ovate at base, 1-toothed on each side; ovary with concave nectaries at base		87 Allium pevtzovii
+	Inner filaments subulate to narrowly ovate at base, entire; ovary without concave nectaries at base.		(113)
113 (112)	Leaves 1.5--4 mm wide, flat; perianth segments 13--18 mm; filaments ca. 1/2 as long as perianth segments, all subulate		19 Allium kingdonii
+	Leaves 0.5--1 mm wide, semiterete; perianth segments 6--9 mm; filaments 2/3--3/4 as long as perianth segments, inner ones wider than outer.		(114)
114 (113)	Bulbs densely clustered; bulb tunic papery, apex becoming fibrous; pedicels ca. 2 × as long as perianth; perianth segments ovate-oblong, 7--9 × 2.5--3 mm; broadened base of inner filaments narrowly triangular		53 Allium yongdengense
+	Bulbs laxly clustered; bulb tunic membranous, laciniate; pedicels 1--1.5 × as long as perianth; perianth segments elliptic to ovate, 6--7 × 3--4 mm; broadened base of inner filaments narrowly ovate		52 Allium caespitosum
115 (100)	Leaves flat or keeled abaxially.		(116)
+	Leaves semiterete or terete, solid or fistulose, adaxially channeled.		(133)
116 (115)	Bulbs attached to a stout, horizontal or oblique rhizome; scape usually 2-angled.		(117)
+	Bulbs attached to a vertical rhizome; scape terete.		(122)
117 (116)	Leaves abaxially keeled; ovary with concave nectaries at base covered by hoodlike projections		65 Allium taishanense
+	Leaves flat; ovary without concave nectaries at base.		(118)
118 (117)	Perianth white to yellow; pedicels ebracteolate		66 Allium chiwui
+	Perianth pale red or pale purple to purple-red; pedicels bracteolate at base.		(119)
119 (118)	Leaves straight or spirally tortuous, (1.5--)2--6 mm wide.		(120)
+	Leaves straight or slightly falcate, 6--15 mm wide.		(121)
120 (119)	Leaves straight, 1.5--4 mm wide		67 Allium spurium
+	Leaves spirally tortuous, 4--6 mm wide		68 Allium spirale
121 (119)	Inner filaments entire at base		69 Allium senescens
+	Inner filaments 1-toothed on each side at base		70 Allium nutans
122 (116)	Perianth yellowish green to pale yellow.		(123)
+	Perianth white, pale red, purple-red, purple, or blue.		(125)
123 (122)	Scape covered with leaf sheaths for ca. 1/2 its length; pedicels 2--4 × as long as perianth, bracteolate at base		71 Allium obliquum
+	Scape covered with leaf sheaths at base only; pedicels 1--1.5 × as long as perianth, ebracteolate.		(124)
124 (123)	Inner filaments entire at base; umbel globose, densely many flowered; leaves 3--8 mm wide		78 Allium rude
+	Inner filaments 1-toothed on each side at base; umbel laxly flowered; leaves 2--3 mm wide		64 Allium brevidentatum
125 (122)	Inner filaments with 1 irregularly denticulate tooth on each side at base; ovary with concave nectaries at base covered by hoodlike projections.		(126)
+	Inner filaments entire at base or, if toothed, teeth never denticulate; ovary with concave nectaries at base not covered by hoodlike projections.		(127)
126 (125)	Leaves broadly linear to linear-lanceolate, 5--23 mm wide; spathe with a long beak sometimes to 7 cm; perianth white		29 Allium paepalanthoides
+	Leaves linear, 2--6(--8) mm wide; spathe with a short beak; perianth pale red, pale purple, or purple		30 Allium plurifoliatum
127 (125)	Spathe with long beak		82 Allium kurssanovii
+	Spathe with short beak.		(128)
128 (127)	Bulb tunic blackish gray to black, papery or membranous.		(129)
+	Bulb tunic red-brown or brown to yellowish brown, leathery or thinly so.		(130)
129 (128)	Leaves falcate; perianth white; ovary without concave nectaries at base		76 Allium phariense
+	Leaves straight; perianth pink or pinkish lilac; ovary with concave nectaries at base		77 Allium platyspathum
130 (128)	Leaves 1--1.5(--3) mm wide, margin scabrous-denticulate; ovary without concave nectaries at base		73 Allium kaschianum
+	Leaves 2--17 mm wide, margin smooth; ovary with concave nectaries at base.		(131)
131 (130)	Bulb tunic red-brown, lustrous		72 Allium hymenorhizum
+	Bulb tunic brown to yellowish brown, dull.		(132)
132 (131)	Leaves usually falcate; inner filaments broadened at base		74 Allium carolinianum
+	Leaves usually not falcate; inner filaments not broadened at base		75 Allium blandum
133 (115)	Inner filaments obtusely 1-toothed on each side at base.		(134)
+	Inner filaments entire at base.		(136)
134 (133)	Perianth white or pale yellow; style conspicuously exserted; ovary with concave nectaries at base		46 Allium flavovirens
+	Perianth red, pale purple-red, or purple-red; style not exserted; ovary without concave nectaries at base.		(135)
135 (134)	Inner filaments broadened for ca. 4/5 their length		56 Allium bidentatum
+	Inner filaments broadened for ca. 1/2 their length		57 Allium dentigerum
136 (133)	Beak of spathe several times as long as limb.		(137)
+	Beak of spathe shorter than or equaling limb.		(138)
137 (136)	Perianth segments pale yellow with green midvein		84 Allium petraeum
+	Perianth segments purple-red to pale red, rarely white, with dark midvein		81 Allium saxatile
138 (136)	Perianth white, pale yellow, or greenish yellow.		(139)
+	Perianth pale red, red, pale purple, or purple.		(141)
139 (138)	Leaves solid, margin ciliate-denticulate		85 Allium tianschanicum
+	Leaves fistulose, margin smooth.		(140)
140 (139)	Bulb tunic red-brown, lustrous; scape solid; pedicels bracteolate at base		93 Allium condensatum
+	Bulb tunic light brown to brown, dull; scape fistulose; pedicels ebracteolate		94 Allium xichuanense
141 (138)	Pedicels bracteolate at base.		(142)
+	Pedicels ebracteolate.		(147)
142 (141)	Ovary with longitudinally convex nectaries along septa; nectary pit at ovary base open		90 Allium subtilissimum
+	Ovary without nectaries or only with concave nectaries at base.		(143)
143 (142)	Bulbs attached to a robust, horizontal rhizome; filaments equaling or slightly longer than perianth segments; ovary without concave nectaries		62 Allium prostratum
+	Bulbs attached to vertical rhizome; filaments 1.25--2 × as long as perianth segments; ovary with concave nectaries.		(144)
144 (143)	Bulb tunic red-brown, lustrous, scarious to subleathery; leaves 2--3 mm wide, margin smooth		91 Allium longistylum
+	Bulb tunic brown, dull, leathery; leaves 0.5--2 mm wide, margin ciliate- or scabrous-denticulate.		(145)
145 (144)	Bulb tunic leathery, entire or laciniate at apex; ovary with concave nectaries covered by hoodlike projections		83 Allium caricoides
+	Bulb tunic thinly leathery to papery, splitting; ovary with concave nectaries not covered by hoodlike projections.		(146)
146 (145)	Bulbs to 10 cm; tunic yellowish brown; filaments ca. 1/2 as long as perianth segments		86 Allium megalobulbon
+	Bulbs shorter; tunic brown; filaments 1.25--1.5 × as long as perianth segments		85 Allium tianschanicum
147 (141)	Inner filaments conspicuously broadly ovate or ovate-oblong at base.		(148)
+	Inner filaments subulate to narrowly triangular at base, gradually attenuate toward apex.		(149)
148 (147)	Bulb tunic grayish white, sometimes reddish; pedicels 2--3 × as long as perianth; perianth purple-red; style slightly longer than ovary		57 Allium dentigerum
+	Bulb tunic brown; pedicels shorter than or equaling perianth; perianth pale red; style shorter than ovary		56 Allium bidentatum
149 (147)	Scape covered with leaf sheaths for 1/3--1/2 its length; leaves 1 or 2, margin smooth; perianth pink		104 Allium oliganthum
+	Scape covered with leaf sheaths only at base; leaves more than 3, margin scabrid; perianth pale purple or red-purple.		(150)
150 (149)	Inner perianth segments irregularly denticulate at distal margin and apex; style exserted		62 Allium prostratum
+	Inner perianth segments entire; style not exserted		63 Allium rubens