Key based mainly on fertile characters

1	Leaves simple, exstipulate; flower solitary; petals yellow (1. R. subgen. Hulthemia).		1 R. berberifolia
+	Leaves compound, stipulate, flowers solitary to many; petals various shades of white, yellow, pink, or red (2. R. subgen. Rosa).		(2)
2 (1)	Hypanthium depressed-globose; achenes inserted at projecting torus at base of hypanthium; styles free, not exserted (8. R. sect. Microphyllae).		(3)
+	Hypanthium globose to urceolate, rarely depressed-globose; achenes inserted at walls and flat base of hypanthium; styles free or connate into a column, exserted or not.		(5)
3 (2)	Leaflets pubescent on both surfaces; sepals entire; petals red; flowers 8–9 cm in diam.		95 R. praelucens
+	Leaflets glabrous; sepals pinnately lobed; petals reddish, pink, or white; flowers 2.5–6 cm in diam.		(4)
4 (3)	Petals reddish or pink; flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, 4–6 cm in diam.		93 R. roxburghii
+	Petals white; flowers 7–17 in corymb, 2.5–3 cm in diam.		94 R. kweichowensis
5 (2)	Stipules free or nearly free from petioles, caducous.		(6)
+	Stipules adnate to petioles, persistent.		(9)
6 (5)	Branchlets tomentose; leaflets (5–)7–9, stipules pectinate; flower solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate, with large pectinate bracts; styles slightly exserted (7. R. sect. Bracteatae).		92 R. bracteata
+	Branchlets glabrous; leaflets 3–5, stipules dentate or subulate; flowers solitary or numerous, with smaller bracts; styles not exserted.		(7)
7 (6)	Pedicel and hypanthium densely glandular bristly; flowers large, solitary; petals white; stipules dentate (6. R. sect. Laevigatae).		91 R. laevigata
+	Pedicel and hypanthium not glandular bristly; flowers small, numerous in corymb; petals yellow or white; stipules subulate (5. R. sect. Banksianae).		(8)
8 (7)	Flowers in simple umbels or corymbs; sepals entire.		89 R. banksiae
+	Flowers in compound corymbs; sepals pinnately lobed.		90 R. cymosa
9 (5)	Styles exserted, free or connate into a column, slightly shorter than or nearly equaling stamens.		(10)
+	Styles free, not exserted or only slightly so, shorter than stamens.		(41)
10 (9)	Styles free, slightly shorter than stamens; leaflets often 3–5 (3. R. sect. Chinenses).		(11)
+	Styles connate into a column, nearly equaling stamens; leaflets 5–9 (4. R. sect. Synstylae).		(13)
11 (10)	Shrub; leaflets 3–5; stipules glandular-pubescent at margin; flowers 4 or 5, rarely solitary, slightly fragrant or not; sepals often pinnately lobed; hip ovoid or pyriform.		56 R. chinensis
+	Liana; stipules not glandular or only glandular at margin of free part; flowers 1–3, fragrant; sepals entire or slightly incised; hip depressed globose, pyriform, or obovoid.		(12)
12 (11)	Branchlets sparsely hooked prickly; leaflets 5–9; petals pinkish, yellow, or white; flowers 1–3, 5–10 cm in diam., very fragrant; hip depressed globose.		57 R. odorata
+	Branchlets prickly, setose; leaflets 3(–5); petals purple-red; flower solitary, 3–3.5 cm in diam.; hip pyriform or obovoid.		58 R. lucidissima
13 (10)	Stipules pectinate or irregularly serrate at margin.		(14)
+	Stipules entire at margin, often glandular-pubescent.		(27)
14 (13)	Leaflets 3 or 5(or 7).		(15)
+	Leaflets (5 or)7 or 9.		(17)
15 (14)	Leaflets usually 3, ovate-lanceolate; petals pink.		73 R. anemoniflora
+	Leaflets usually 5, rarely 3 or 7; petals white.		(16)
16 (15)	Leaflets 4–8 × 1.5–3 cm; flowers 2.5–3.5 cm in diam.		67 R. sambucina var. pubescens
+	Leaflets 1.5–3.6 × 0.8–1.5 cm; flowers ca. 2.5 cm in diam.		68 R. taiwanensis
17 (14)	Stipules pectinate at margin.		(18)
+	Stipules irregularly serrate, rarely pectinate at margin.		(22)
18 (17)	Styles and leaflets densely pubescent.		63 R. kunmingensis
+	Styles glabrous; leaflets pubescent on both surfaces or only abaxially sparsely pubescent or subglabrous.		(19)
19 (18)	Flower solitary; leaflets not exceeding 1 cm, both surfaces pubescent.		62 R. uniflorella
+	Flowers numerous in panicle; leaflets (1.3–)1.5–5 cm, only abaxially sparsely pubescent or subglabrous.		(20)
20 (19)	Leaflets doubly serrate at margin; sepals pinnately lobed, lobules linear, abaxially glandular-pubescent.		61 R. daishanensis
+	Leaflets usually simply serrate at margin; sepals 2-lobed usually at middle part, abaxially glabrous.		(21)
21 (20)	Leaflets 7 or 9, rhomboid-elliptic, base cuneate, margin deeply serrate; sepals entire at margin.		59 R. langyashanica
+	Leaflets 5–9, obovate, oblong, or ovate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin shallowly serrate; sepals usually 2-lobed, sometimes entire at margin.		60 R. multiflora
22 (17)	Leaflets abaxially densely villous; styles pubescent.		(23)
+	Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous; styles pubescent or not.		(24)
23 (22)	Petals white; flowers 1.5–3 cm in diam., in corymb; pedicel and hypanthium densely pubescent and glandular-pubescent; leaflets adaxially pubescent along veins.		64 R. kwangtungensis
+	Petals pink; flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam., in umbel-like corymb; pedicel and hypanthium glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent; leaflets adaxially glabrous.		65 R. lichiangensis
24 (22)	Styles glabrous.		72 R. maximowicziana
+	Styles pubescent.		(25)
25 (24)	Flowers double, numerous in panicle.		71 R. miyiensis
+	Flowers with 5 petals, usually numerous in corymbs.		(26)
26 (25)	Shrub prostrate, sprawling, or procumbent; pedicel and hypanthium glabrous.		70 R. lucieae
+	Shrub erect; pedicel and hypanthium glandular and sparsely pubescent.		69 R. pricei
27 (13)	Leaflets pubescent on both surfaces or only abaxially.		(28)
+	Leaflets glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially along veins.		(31)
28 (27)	Leaflets thicker in texture, adaxially rugose, abaxially densely gray-white pubescent, with prominent veins.		75 R. glomerata
+	Leaflets thinner in texture, adaxially not rugose, abaxially sparsely pubescent or along veins more densely pubescent.		(29)
29 (28)	Leaflets usually 5; sepals usually entire.		76 R. rubus
+	Leaflets 7–9, often fewer just below inflorescence; sepals often with lateral lobes.		(30)
30 (29)	Inflorescences umbel-like.		77 R. helenae
+	Inflorescences compound corymbs.		74 R. brunonii
31 (27)	Leaflets leathery, lucid, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent; petals abaxially sericeous.		(32)
+	Leaflets not leathery, not lucid; petals abaxially glabrous.		(33)
32 (31)	Leaflets 5–9, 3–7 × 1–3.5 cm; sepals 0.8–1.2 cm, both surfaces glandular-pubescent; flowers in corymb.		78 R. longicuspis
+	Leaflets 3–5, 7–12 × 3–6 cm; sepals 1.5–2 cm, both surfaces densely whitish tomentose, not glandular; flowers in compound corymb.		79 R. lasiosepala
33 (31)	Leaflets 3–5.		(34)
+	Leaflets (5–)7(–9).		(36)
34 (33)	Leaflets 3.5–9 cm, abaxially not glandular, margin simply serrate.		86 R. henryi
+	Leaflets smaller, less than 2.5 cm, abaxially glandular, margin doubly serrate.		(35)
35 (34)	Leaflets 8–15 mm, apex rounded-obtuse or truncate; flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 and fasciculate.		87 R. duplicata
+	Leaflets larger, 12–25 mm, apex acute or shortly acuminate; flowers 5–10, in corymb.		88 R. weisiensis
36 (33)	Leaflets abaxially glandular, larger.		(37)
+	Leaflets abaxially not glandular, smaller.		(39)
37 (36)	Leaflets obovate, 7–10 × 5–8 mm, margin doubly serrate, teeth apically glandular.		80 R. deqenensis
+	Leaflets ovate, elliptic, or ovate-oblong, larger, margin simply serrate, teeth not apically glandular.		(38)
38 (37)	Leaflets oblong-ovate or lanceolate, 4–7 cm, pedicel 2–3 cm.		81 R. filipes
+	Leaflets elliptic or ovate, 3–6 cm; pedicel 1.5–1.8 cm.		82 R. ludingensis
39 (36)	Leaflets 5(or 7); styles glabrous.		83 R. derongensis
+	Leaflets usually 7; styles pubescent.		(40)
40 (39)	Pedicel longer, 2–2.5 cm, and hypanthium, sepals abaxially glandular.		84 R. shangchengensis
+	Pedicel shorter, not exceeding 1 cm, and hypanthium, sepals usually glabrous, occasionally glandular.		85 R. soulieana
41 (9)	Flowers solitary, rarely several, ebracteate (1. R. sect. Pimpinellifoliae).		(42)
+	Flowers numerous in corymb or solitary, bracteate (2. R. sect. Cinnamomeae).		(60)
42 (41)	Sepals and petals 5.		(43)
+	Sepals and petals 4.		(54)
43 (42)	Flowering branches densely bristly and prickly, rarely without bristles.		(44)
+	Flowering branches only prickly, rarely bristly.		(47)
44 (43)	Leaflets doubly serrate at margin, glandular abaxially.		5 R. kokanica
+	Leaflets simply serrate at margin, or both simply serrate and doubly serrate on same plant, not glandular punctate abaxially.		(45)
45 (44)	Leaflets 7–11(–15), elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong-elliptic.		4 R. koreana
+	Leaflets 7–9, rarely 5 or 11, oblong, oblong-ovate, suborbicular, ovate, or elliptic.		(46)
46 (45)	Leaflets oblong, oblong-ovate, or suborbicular, 1–2.2 cm; flowers 2–6 cm in diam.; hip black or dark brown, subglobose.		2 R. spinosissima
+	Leaflets ovate or elliptic, 5–18 mm; flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.; hip deep red, ellipsoid or ovoid-oblong.		3 R. farreri
47 (43)	Petals white, pinkish, or red.		(48)
+	Petals yellow.		(50)
48 (47)	Leaflets 3–7, elliptic or oblong, margin simply serrate; stipules lanceolate, filiform dissected, glandular dentate; petals white; flowers 1.8–2.5 cm in diam.; sepals ovate; pedicel ca. 1.5 cm, glandular or not.		66 R. transmorrisonensis
+	Leaflets 9–13, ovate or elliptic, margin doubly serrate; stipules broadly oblanceolate, glandular-pubescent; petals pink or white; flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam.; sepals ovate- lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glandular-pubescent or glabrous.		(49)
49 (48)	Leaflets (7–)9–11; petals pink or red; pedicel glandular-pubescent or glabrous.		11 R. graciliflora
+	Leaflets 11–13; petals white; pedicel glabrous, but sparsely glandular-pubescent.		12 R. tsinglingensis
50 (47)	Leaflets doubly serrate, abaxially glandular.		(51)
+	Leaflets simply serrate, abaxially not glandular.		(52)
51 (50)	Leaflets 9–15, rarely 7, elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or long elliptic, abaxially glabrous; petals yellowish or yellow-white; flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam.; sepals apically acuminate.		9 R. primula
+	Leaflets 5–9, rarely 11, broadly ovate or obovate, abaxially pubescent; petals yellow; flowers double, 4–6.5 cm in diam.; sepals leaflike.		10 R. foetida var. persiana
52 (50)	Leaflets 5–9, suborbicular, obovate, or elliptic, glabrous, margin serrate at upper part, entire near base.		6 R. platyacantha
+	Leaflets 5–13, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or suborbicular, pubescent or glabrous, margin serrate from base to apex.		(53)
53 (52)	Leaflets ovate, elliptic, or obovate, glabrous, margin acutely serrate or entire; flowers 4–5.5 cm in diam.; branches sometimes bristly at base.		7 R. hugonis
+	Leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular, rarely elliptic, abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin obtusely serrate or crenate; flowers 3–4(–5) cm in diam.; branches not bristly at base.		8 R. xanthina
54 (42)	Leaflets abaxially glandular or at least margin doubly glandular serrate.		(55)
+	Leaflets abaxially not glandular, margin simply serrate.		(56)
55 (54)	Leaflets oblong or obovate, abaxially glandular, adaxially glabrous or pilose; hip subglobose, abaxially glandular.		18 R. sikangensis
+	Leaflets obovate, adaxially densely pubescent, abaxially glabrous, glandular only along veins; hip obovoid, abaxially not glandular.		19 R. zhongdianensis
56 (54)	Fruiting pedicel turgid.		(57)
+	Fruiting pedicel not turgid.		(58)
57 (56)	Leaflets 7–9(–13), oblong or oblong-obovate, abaxially glabrous, shortly bristly, margin only near apex serrate; petals yellowish; hip orange-yellow, obconic.		13 R. taronensis
+	Leaflets 9–17, oblong or elliptic-oblong, abaxially glabrous or puberulous along midvein, margin serrate from base to apex; petals white; hip red or yellow, obovoid or pyriform.		14 R. omeiensis
58 (56)	Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, 7–11, oblong or broadly obovate; hip pyriform or obovoid.		15 R. morrisonensis
+	Leaflets abaxially densely pubescent, 5–13, ovate, obovate, or oblong-obovate; hip globose, obovoid, or obovoid-globose.		(59)
59 (58)	Leaflets 7–11(–13), ovate, obovate, or obovate-oblong, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; hip globose or obovoid, 8–15 mm in diam.		16 R. sericea
+	Leaflets 5–9(–11), oblong-obovate, both surfaces sericeous; hip obovoid-globose, ca. 1 cm in diam.		17 R. mairei
60 (41)	Apical part of hypanthium with sepals, disc, and styles deciduous at fruit ripening.		(61)
+	Apical part of hypanthium and sepals, disc, and styles not deciduous at fruit ripening.		(64)
61 (60)	Prickles hooked; flowers numerous in corymb or panicle; hip globose.		20 R. beggeriana
+	Prickles straight; flowers 1–4; hip subglobose, pyriform, or ellipsoid.		(62)
62 (61)	Branchlets often prickly and setose; leaflets abaxially pubescent; petals white.		21 R. albertii
+	Branchlets usually only prickly, rarely setose; leaflets abaxially glabrous or pubescent along veins; petals purple-red or pink.		(63)
63 (62)	Leaflets 7–15, oblong or elliptic, abaxially along veins pubescent, margin usually simply serrate; hip ovoid or ellipsoid.		22 R. prattii
+	Leaflets 7–9, elliptic, obovate, or suborbicular, abaxially glabrous, margin usually simple serrate or doubly serrate at upper part; hip subglobose.		23 R. willmottiae
64 (60)	Leaflets ca. 1.5 cm or less, apex usually obtuse; flowers solitary or a few in corymb.		(65)
+	Leaflets 1.5–7 cm, apex usually acute; flowers numerous, rarely a few in corymb, rarely solitary.		(75)
65 (64)	Bracteoles 2 or 3 or more, suborbicular, ovate, or broadly ovate, apex rounded-obtuse or acute.		(66)
+	Bracteoles usually 1, rarely 2, ovate, apex shortly acuminate.		(69)
66 (65)	Leaflets doubly serrate at margin; bracteoles suborbicular or ovate.		(67)
+	Leaflets simply serrate at margin; bracteoles ovate or broadly ovate.		(68)
67 (66)	Sepals pinnately lobed; leaflets usually 5, rarely 7, abaxially densely glandular- pubescent.		45 R. pinnatisepala
+	Sepals undivided, leaflets 5–7, rarely 9, abaxially sparsely puberulous or glandular- pubescent.		46 R. forrestiana
68 (66)	Flowers in corymb or panicle, 3–5 cm in diam.; leaflets 7–9.		47 R. multibracteata
+	Flower solitary, 2–2.5 cm in diam.; leaflets usually 5, rarely 3 or 7.		48 R. calyptopoda
69 (65)	Pedicel shorter, 8–15 mm; leaflets abaxially puberulous or sparsely pubescent.		(70)
+	Pedicel longer, 15–30 mm; leaflets glabrous or abaxially along veins pubescent.		(72)
70 (69)	Leaflets usually 7–9, suborbicular, obovate, or elliptic, abaxially puberulous, margin acutely serrate; petals pink; pedicel glandular-pubescent.		51 R. giraldii
+	Leaflets 3–5(–7), abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin obtusely serrate; petals white or pink; pedicel glandular-pubescent or not.		(71)
71 (70)	Leaflets rhomboid-ovate or oblong, abaxially sparsely pubescent; margin obtusely serrate or crenate; petals white, before anthesis pink; pedicel not glandular- pubescent.		49 R. pseudobanksiae
+	Leaflets ovate or ovate-elliptic, abaxially sparsely pubescent and densely glandular; petals pink; pedicel glandular-pubescent.		50 R. baiyushanensis
72 (69)	Leaflets abaxially glandular punctate, 5–7, oblong, margin doubly serrate; petals white; flower solitary, 3.5–4 cm in diam.; hip ovoid, glabrous.		55 R. tibetica
+	Leaflets abaxially not glandular punctate, 5–11, elliptic to obovate or suborbicular, margin simply serrate; petals pink, purple-red, or white; flowers 1 to several, 2–5 cm in diam.; hip subglobose or ovoid.		(73)
73 (72)	Leaflets 7–15, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, glabrous; petals pink or purple-red; flowers 1–3, 2–3.5 cm in diam.		52 R. sertata
+	Leaflets 5–9, suborbicular, obovate, or broadly elliptic; petals pinkish or white; flowers 1–4, 3–5 cm in diam.		(74)
74 (73)	Petals pinkish; flowers 3.5–5 cm in diam.; hip subglobose or ovoid, glabrous, rarely glandular punctate; leaflets abaxially often pubescent.		53 R. webbiana
+	Petals white; flowers 3–4 cm in diam.; hip oblong or ovoid, densely glandular- pubescent; leaflets glabrous.		54 R. fedtschenkoana
75 (64)	Flowers numerous in corymb.		(76)
+	Flowers solitary or few in corymb.		(82)
76 (75)	Sepals pinnately lobed; leaflets 5–9, abaxially often glandular, glabrous or pubescent along veins, margin often glandular and doubly serrate.		24 R. setipoda
+	Sepals undivided; leaflets 3–11, abaxially puberulous, subglabrous or glabrous, margin simply serrate, or simple and doubly serrate.		(77)
77 (76)	Branchlets prickly and setose; leaflets 7–9, abaxially puberulous, margin simply serrate; petals red; flowers in corymb.		42 R. persetosa
+	Branchlets usually only prickly, sometimes nearly not prickly; leaflets 3–11, abaxially pubescent, subglabrous, or glabrous, margin simple and/or doubly serrate; petals pink or red; flowers in umbel or corymb.		(78)
78 (77)	Leaflets 3–5(–7), abaxially pubescent or glabrous, margin doubly serrate, or both simple and doubly serrate.		25 R. corymbulosa
+	Leaflets 7–11, abaxially glabrous, subglabrous, or densely pubescent, margin entire below middle or serrate.		(79)
79 (78)	Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous; petals red.		(80)
+	Leaflets abaxially densely pubescent, at least along veins pubescent; petals pink.		(81)
80 (79)	Leaflets 3–10 cm, margin serrate from base to apex; pedicel 1.5–4 cm, densely glandular-pubescent, rarely glabrous; flowers 3.5–6 cm in diam.		26 R. caudata
+	Leaflets 1–2.5 cm, margin entire below middle; pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent; flowers 2–3.5 cm in diam.		52 R. sertata
81 (79)	Styles exserted, slightly shorter than stamens; receptacle glandular-pubescent, or sometimes puberulous.		27 R. davidii
+	Styles slightly exserted, much shorter than stamens; receptacle glabrous, rarely glandular-pubescent.		28 R. banksiopsis
82 (75)	Stipules abaxially not prickly.		(83)
+	Stipules abaxially prickly.		(88)
83 (82)	Branchlets and prickles tomentose; leaflets thick in texture, adaxially rugose.		29 R. rugosa
+	Branchlets and prickles glabrous; leaflets thinner in texture, not rugose.		(84)
84 (83)	Leaflets abaxially glandular punctate; prickles straight, slender; hypanthium depressed globose or ovoid-globose.		(85)
+	Leaflets abaxially not glaucous, not glandular; prickles straight, weak, sometimes absent; hypanthium ellipsoid or oblong.		(86)
85 (84)	Leaflets 7 or 9, abaxially glaucous, oblong or broadly lanceolate, margin simple or doubly serrate; hypanthium depressed globose.		30 R. davurica
+	Leaflets 5–9, abaxially not glaucous, ovate or elliptic, margin doubly serrate; hypanthium ovoid-globose.		31 R. hezhangensis
86 (84)	Leaflets abaxially glabrous, margin partly doubly serrate; pedicel 1.5–2 cm.		34 R. oxyacantha
+	Leaflets abaxially puberulous or hirsute, margin simply serrate or sharply doubly serrate; pedicel 2–4 cm.		(87)
87 (86)	Leaflets abaxially puberulous, margin simply serrate; pedicel 2–3.5 cm.		32 R. acicularis
+	Leaflets abaxially brown hirsute, margin sharply doubly serrate; pedicel 3–4 cm.		33 R. fargesiana
88 (82)	Prickles hooked; leaflets 7–9, abaxially glabrous or puberulous; petals white or pink; flowers (1 or)3–6, pedicel glandular.		35 R. laxa
+	Prickles straight or absent; leaflets 7–11, abaxially glabrous, subglabrous, or pubescent; petals pink or red; flowers 1 to several; pedicel glandular-pubescent or not.		(89)
89 (88)	Leaflets abaxially glabrous or subglabrous.		(90)
+	Leaflets abaxially pubescent, at least along veins.		(92)
90 (89)	Leaflets 7, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–6.5 cm; petals dark red; flowers often solitary; pedicel 15–25(–30) mm, usually glabrous.		36 R. saturata
+	Leaflets 7–9(–11), elliptic or ovate, 1–3 cm; petals pink; flowers 1–3; pedicel 5–30 mm, densely glandular-pubescent or glabrous.		(91)
91 (90)	Pedicel 5–10 mm, densely glandular-pubescent; leaflets 1–3 cm, apex acute or obtuse; flowers 2–5 cm in diam.		37 R. bella
+	Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, glabrous, rarely glandular-pubescent; leaflets 0.6–2.5 cm, apex rounded, obtuse, or acute; flowers 2–3.5 cm in diam.		52 R. sertata
92 (89)	Leaflets 5, rarely 7 or 3, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent or glandular, margin doubly serrate; petals pink; flowers solitary or several, 2.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5–3 cm.		38 R. chengkouensis
+	Leaflets 7–13, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely pubescent, not glandular, margin simple or doubly serrate; petals white, pink, or red; flowers 2 or more; pedicel to 1–4 cm.		(93)
93 (92)	Flowers 2, fasciculate, pedicel shorter than 1 cm; stipules larger, hooked.		39 R. sinobiflora
+	Flowers often more than 2; pedicel 1–4 cm; stipules shorter, not hooked.		(94)
94 (93)	Sepals pinnately lobed, often glandular-pubescent.		(95)
+	Sepals entire or pinnately lobed, not glandular-pubescent.		(96)
95 (94)	Branches prickly and setose; leaflets 7–11, 2–5 cm, margin doubly serrate, rarely partly simply serrate; petals pink; flowers 3–5 cm in diam.		40 R. sweginzowii
+	Branches only prickly; leaflets 7–13, 1–5 cm, margin usually simply serrate; petals dark red; flowers 4–6 cm in diam.		41 R. moyesii
96 (94)	Petals white or pinkish; branchlets prickly and bristly; leaflets 9–15, elliptic or oblong, 1–4.5 cm, abaxially along veins pubescent, margin simply serrate; flowers 2–3 cm in diam.		44 R. murielae
+	Petals rosy or red; branchlets densely setose or sparsely prickly or not prickly; leaflets 7–11, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, abaxially glabrous, sparsely pubescent, or densely puberulous, margin simply serrate, rarely doubly serrate; flowers 2.5–5 cm in diam.		(97)
97 (96)	Branchlets usually densely setose; leaflets 7–9(–11), elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1.2–3 cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, margin simply serrate, rarely doubly serrate; flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam.; pedicel and receptacle glabrous.		42 R. persetosa
+	Branchlets usually sparsely prickly or not prickly; leaflets 9–11, oblong or elliptic-ovate, 2.5–6 cm, abaxially densely puberulous, margin simply serrate; flowers 3.5–5 cm in diam.; pedicel and receptacle densely glandular-pubescent, rarely glabrous.		43 R. macrophylla