狗舌草属 gou she cao shu

Authors: Yilin Chen, Bertil Nordenstam & Charles Jeffrey

Cineraria sect. Tephroseris Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs. 241. 1831.

Herbs, erect, perennial, rarely stoloniferous, rhizomatous, or rarely biennial or annual, with fibrous roots. Stems leafy, sometimes subscapiform, often arachnoid-tomentose at least when young. Leaves simple, petiolate or sessile, both radical and on stem. Radical leaves rosulate, persistent at or withered by anthesis; petiole winged or not winged, basally not auriculate; blade broadly ovate or deltoid to linear-spatulate, pinnately veined, base cordate to attenuate, margin coarsely sinuate-serrate or dentate to subentire. Capitula usually few to rather numerous, arranged in terminal, subumbelliform, simple or compound, corymbose cymes, rarely solitary, heterogamous and radiate, sometimes also homogamous and discoid, pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric, campanulate, or cylindric-campanulate, not calyculate, receptacle flat; phyllaries 18-25, rarely 13, uniseriate, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, herbaceous, margin usually narrowly scarious or membranous. Ray florets 7-15, commonly 13, rarely 18 or 20-25; lamina yellow, orange, or purplish red, oblong, rarely linear or elliptic-oblong, 4-veined, apically usually 3-denticulate. Disk florets many, corolla yellow, orange, or orange-red, sometimes purple tinged; limb funnelform or rarely campanulate; lobes 5. Anthers linear-oblong, rarely oblong, base usually obtuse to rounded; antheropodium narrowly cylindric to cylindric, somewhat broader than filament, cells uniform, endothecial cell wall thickenings numerous, polar and radial. Style branches convex or less often truncate, with short, often few, obtuse marginal papillae. Achenes cylindric, ribbed, glabrous or sparsely to strongly pubescent. Pappus capillary-like, uniform, white or rarely rubescent, persistent, present in all florets.

About 50 species: temperate and arctic regions of Asia and Europe, and extending into North America; 14 species (four endemic) in China.

Tephroseris first appeared in the literature as the epithet of the name of a taxon of Cineraria Linnaeus of infrageneric, supraspecific rank (conventionally treated as sectional), validly published by Reichenbach in 1831: C. sect. Tephroseris Reichenbach (Fl. Germ. Excurs. 241. 1831). This taxon was later raised to generic rank by Reichenbach in 1841 as Tephroseris (Reichenbach) Reichenbach (Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch (Nom.), 87. 1841). There, Reichenbach accepted three infrageneric, supraspecific taxa (conventionally treated as sections) within his genus, one of which was "3. Pericallis DeC." [sic]. This refers to Candolle (Prodr. 6: 340. 1838), who treated "Pericallis D. Don" in synonymy under Senecio but treated the species of that affinity (loc. cit.: 409) under S. "Ser. IX. Canarienses" [a nomen nudum] "§ [i.e., unranked]. 1. Pericallides" and nowhere there cited Don. However, within that taxon (loc. cit.: 410), Candolle included S. tussilaginis (L’Héritier) Lindley, the type (by monotypy, as P. tussilaginis (L’Héritier) D. Don) of the generic name Pericallis D. Don (in Swartz, Brit. Fl. Gard. 6: 228. 1838). Reichenbach, in citing "3. Pericallis DeC." under Tephroseris, effectively transferred S. [unranked] Pericallides Candolle to Tephroseris, as T. sect. Pericallides (Candolle) Reichenbach, and thereby implicitly included the type of Pericallis D. Don (1838) within Tephroseris (Reichenbach) Reichenbach (1841). The latter was therefore nomenclaturally superfluous when published (Vienna Code, Art. 52.1), but not illegitimate because it has a basionym (Art. 52.3). The following year, Reichenbach accepted Tephroseris (Reichenbach) Reichenbach in his Deutsche Bot. Fl. Sax. (146. 1842), and there (as in the present treatment) the generic name was correct because Pericallis was not included.